Muscular System

Desribe the 3 types of mucles and their functions?

Skeletal:external+used to move the skeleton,in layers+deep layers beneath,fatigue+voluntary. Cardiac:heart, force blood to vessels, dont fatigue+involuntary. Smooth:internal+force food throug.+squeeze blood through circ. sys. dont fatigue+involuntary

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What is the difference between agonsist and antagonist?

Agonist: muscle contracting to produce the movement (prime mover) Antagonist: the muscle relaxing to allow movement.

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Describe fixator and synergist muscles

Fixator:mucle that allows agonist to function+stabalise the origin of agonsit. Synergist:control movement by ensuring muscles work within the range of movement.

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What are the 3 types of muscle contractions?

1.Concentric: muscle contacts+shortens 2.Ecentric: muscle contracts and lengthens 3.Isometric: muscle contracts but doesnt change length so no visible movement

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What are the characteristics of Type1 slow twitch fibres?

1.Contract slowly with less force 2.Slow to fatigue,suited to low instensity,long duration exercise 3.Rich in blood supply and have lots of mitochondria + capillaries

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What are the charcateristics of Type2a fast oxidative glycolytic fibres?

1.Fast contracting so able to produce great force 2.Fatigue quicker than type1 as less reliant on O2 for energy from blood. 3.Suited to speed, power and strength activites e.g 400m 4.Moderate mitochondria and capillaries

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What are the characteristics of Type2b fast glycolytic fibres?

1.Contract rapidly so have ability to produce large amounts of force 2.Fatigue quicker making suitable to anaerobic activites 3.Suited to high intensity, short activites like 100m 4.High no. mitcochrondria and capillaries

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What are the effects of training on fibre types?

1.Endurance training results in conversion from type2b fibres to type2a. 2.Inactivity causes muscle fibres to revert back to type 2b. 3.Strenght training increases muscle fibres size(hypertrophy) so strength of the muscles increases

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How do we get our muscles to function?

Each muscle is made up of a no. of motor units, the no. depends on the amount of strength needed

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What is the all or none law?

Once the motor neurone stimulates the fibres, then all the fibres within this unit will contract. Either way ALL or NONE contract

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Responses of muscular system to a single exercise session

1.Increased blood supply:muscles need more O2+glucose 2.Increase muscle temp:when produce energy,also produce heat 3.Increase muscle pliability:as they get warmer they get stretchier,reduce injury 4.Lactate:builds up so have to slow down intensity

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Effects of training on muscles

1.Mircrotears: after resistance training tiny tears form causing swelling+pain, with protein and rest we can repair and get stronger. 2.DOMS:pain felt 24-48hours fter exercise,caused by microtears in fibres.

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What are the 7 adaptations of the muscular system following regular exercise?

1.Hypertropy 2.Increased tendon strength 3.Increase no.+size of mitochrondria 4.Increase in myoglobin stores 5.Increase in storage of glycogen 6.Increase storage of fats 7.Increase tolerance to lactic acid

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What are the 2 additional factors effecting the muscular system?

1.Age:muscle mass decreses, begins at around 50 and called sacropenia, the muscles lose strength as get smaller. 2.Cramp:when muscles involuntarily contract and can be painful, often occurs following strenuous exercise and caused by dehydration.

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Muscular System

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