AS Sport Studies key terms

?
adrenaline
a stress hormone that is released by the sympathetic nerves and cardiac nerve during exercise which causes an increase in heart rate
1 of 142
affective component of attitude
relates to feelings and interpretation such as enjoyment
2 of 142
aggressive cue hypothesis
aggression is caused by a learned trigger
3 of 142
agonist
the muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring
4 of 142
amateur
a person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain
5 of 142
angina
chest pain that occurs when the blood supply through the coronary arteries to the muscles of the heart are restricted
6 of 142
antagonist
the muscle that works in opposition to the agonist to help produce movement
7 of 142
area of support base
the larger the area the greater the stability
8 of 142
arousal
a level of activation, a degree of readiness to perform
9 of 142
arteriovenous difference
the difference between the oxygen content of the arterial blood arriving at the muscles and the venous blood leaving the muscles
10 of 142
articulating bones
bones that meet and move at the joint
11 of 142
associative stage of learning
the second stage of learning as motor programmes are developed
12 of 142
atheroma
a fatty deposit found in the inner lining of an artery
13 of 142
atherosclerosis
this occurs when arteries harden and become clogged up by fatty deposits
14 of 142
ATP-PC system
an energy system that provides quick bursts of energy and is used for high intensity exercise. it can only last up to 10 seconds
15 of 142
autonomous stage of learning
the final stage of learning used by an expert
16 of 142
balanced diet
a diet containing a variety of foods from each of the food groups so that there is an adequate intake of nutrients
17 of 142
ballistic stretching
involves performing a stretch with swinging or bouncing movements to push a body part even further
18 of 142
behavioural component of attitude
the actions of the performer
19 of 142
behaviourist theory
explains how actions are linked to stimuli
20 of 142
bilateral transfer
when the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb
21 of 142
blood pressure
the force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel wall
22 of 142
bohr shift
when an increase in blood carbon dioxide and a decrease in pH results in a return of the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen
23 of 142
bradycardia
a decrease in resting heart rate to below 60 beats per minute
24 of 142
buffering
the ability of the blood to compensate for the build up of lactic acid or hydrogen ions to maintain the pH level
25 of 142
cardiac hypertrophy
the thickening of the muscular wall of the heart so it becomes bigger and stronger. it can also mean a larger ventricular cavity
26 of 142
carron's antecedents
the factors that might influence cohesion
27 of 142
catharsis
cleansing the emotions by using sports an outlet for aggression
28 of 142
chaining
linking sub-routines or parts of a task when practising
29 of 142
channeling
the pushing of ethnic minorities into or away from certain sports or positions within a team
30 of 142
cilia
microscopic, hair like projections that help to sweep away fluids and particles
31 of 142
co-action
when others do the task at the same time but separately
32 of 142
cognitive anxiety
psychological anxiety
33 of 142
cognitive component of attitude
a belief, such as the belief in the ability to win
34 of 142
cognitive dissonance
new information given to the performer to cause unease and motivate change
35 of 142
cognitive stage of learning
the first stage of learning used by an novice
36 of 142
cohesion
the tendency for individuals to work together to achieve their goals and the forces that keep the group members on task
37 of 142
commercialisation of sport
the process of trying to gain money from sporting activities
38 of 142
competitive period
the performance period where skills and techniques are refined
39 of 142
competitive sport anxiety inventory
a questionnaire used by sports psychologist to measure anxiety
40 of 142
concentric contaction
when a muscle shortens under tension
41 of 142
constructivism
building up learning in stages based on the current level of performance
42 of 142
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the name for a collection of diseases such as emphysema
43 of 142
county sport partnerships
national network of local agencies working together to increase numbers in sport and physical activity
44 of 142
creatine
a compound the body makes that supplies energy for muscular contraction. it can also be used as a supplement to increase athletic performance
45 of 142
credulous approach
when the link between personality and behaviour is accepted
46 of 142
diffusion
the movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration or partial pressure to low concentration or partial pressure
47 of 142
disability
physical, sensory or mental impairment which adversely affects performance
48 of 142
discrete skill
a skill that has a clear beginning and end
49 of 142
discrimination
the unfair treatment of a person or a minority group
50 of 142
distributed practice
involves rest periods between practice sessions
51 of 142
dominant responce
the stand out response that the performer thinks is correct
52 of 142
dorsiflexion
pulling the toes up to the skin
53 of 142
drive reduction
an end of task period when performance may get worse
54 of 142
eccentric contraction
when a muscle lengthens under tension or performs negative work and acts like a break
55 of 142
effort
the force applied by the user of the level system
56 of 142
equal opportunities
the right to access the same opportunities regardless of factors such as race, age, gender and ability
57 of 142
ethnic groups
people who have racial, religious or linguistic traits in common
58 of 142
evaluation apprehension
the perceived fear of being judged
59 of 142
externally paced skill
when the performer has no control over the start and the speed of the skill
60 of 142
extension
increasing the angel between the bones of a joint
61 of 142
extrovert
a person with a loud, bright personality
62 of 142
feedback
information to assist error correction
63 of 142
first class lever
the fulcrum lies between the effort and the resistance
64 of 142
flexion
decreasing the angle between the bones of a joint
65 of 142
foot racing
historically a form of competitive running/walking involving feats of endurance
66 of 142
frontal plane
divides the body into front and back halves
67 of 142
fulcrum
the point about which the lever rotates
68 of 142
gender socialisation
the act of learning to conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation
69 of 142
glycaemic index
this ranks carbohydrates according to their effect on our blood glucose levels
70 of 142
glycogen
the stored form of glucose found in the muscles and the liver
71 of 142
golgi tendon organs
these are activated when there is tension in a muscle
72 of 142
golden triangle
the relationship between sport, the media and business
73 of 142
haemoglobin
an iron containing pigment found in red blood cells which combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin
74 of 142
harvard step test
this involves stepping up and down on a bench to set a rhythm for five minutes. recovery heart rate is the recorded
75 of 142
hyper-extension
increasing the angle beyond 180 between the bones of a joint
76 of 142
infographics
a graphic visual representation of information, data or knowledge intended to represent information quickly and clearly
77 of 142
insight learning
using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill
78 of 142
instinct theory
when aggression is spontaneous and innate
79 of 142
interaction
when a group works together to produce results
80 of 142
inter-psychological learning
learning through others externally
81 of 142
internalisation
the learning of values and attitudes that are incorporated within yourself
82 of 142
intra-psychological learning
learning from within after gaining external knowledge from others
83 of 142
isometric contraction
when a muscle is under tension but there is no visible movement
84 of 142
lewin's formula
behaviour is a function of personality and environment
85 of 142
longitudinal axis
runs from top to the bottom of the body
86 of 142
macrocycle
a period of training involving a longterm performance goal.
87 of 142
mental practice
going over the skill in the mind without movement
88 of 142
mesocycle
usually a 4 to 12 week period of training with a particular focus such as power
89 of 142
metabolic cart
a device which works by attaching headgear to a subject while they breathe a specific amount of oxygen over a period of time
90 of 142
microcycle
the description of a week of a few days of training sessions
91 of 142
motor neurones
nerve cells which transmit the brains instructions as electrical impulses to the muscle
92 of 142
muscle spindles
these detect how far and how fast a muscle is being stretched and produce the stretch reflex
93 of 142
negative transfer
when the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another
94 of 142
operant conditioning
the use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated
95 of 142
outcome goal
a goal set against the performance of others and based on result
96 of 142
parasympathetic system
a part of the autonomic nervous system that deceases heart rate
97 of 142
peak flow experience
the ultimate intrinsic experience felt by athletes from a positive mental attitude, with supreme confidence, focus and efficiency
98 of 142
peaking
planning and organising training so a performer is at their peak both physically and mentally, for a major competition
99 of 142
performance anaylsis
the provision of objective feedback to a performer who is trying to get positive change in performance
100 of 142
periodisation
the division of the training year into specific sections for a specific purpose
101 of 142
plantar-flextion
pointing the toes/pushing up on your toes
102 of 142
plateau
a period of no improvement in performance
103 of 142
positive transfer
when the learning of one skill helps with the learning of another
104 of 142
professional
a person who plays sport for financial gain
105 of 142
progressive part practice
practising the first part of a skill then adding parts gradually
106 of 142
purkinji fibres
muscle fibres that conduct impulses in the walls of the ventricles
107 of 142
rating perceived exertion
giving an opinion as to how hard your body is working during exercise
108 of 142
rational recreation
the post industrial development of sport
109 of 142
resistance
the weight to be moved by the lever system
110 of 142
retention
the ability to remember important information and recall it from the memory system
111 of 142
ringelmann effect
when group performance decreases with group size
112 of 142
sagittal axis
runs from front to back of the body
113 of 142
sagittal plane
divides the body into right and left halves
114 of 142
sceptical approach
when the link between personality and behaviour is doubted
115 of 142
second class lever
the resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort
116 of 142
social action theory
a way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action
117 of 142
social development
learning by association with others
118 of 142
social learning theory
learning by association with others and copying behaviour
119 of 142
social loafing
individual loss of motivation in a team player due to lack of performance identification when individual efforts are not recognised
120 of 142
somatic anxiety
physiological anxiety
121 of 142
sponsorship
companies paying for goods to be publicly displayed or advertised at sporting events
122 of 142
sports competition anxiety test
a questionnaire used by sports psychologists to measure anxiety
123 of 142
stacking
the disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in a sports team
124 of 142
static stretching
when the muscle is held in a stationary position for 30 seconds or more
125 of 142
steady state
where the athlete is able to meet the oxygen demand with the oxygen supply
126 of 142
stroke
a stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off
127 of 142
stroke volume
the volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles in each contraction
128 of 142
sympathetic system
a part of the auntommic nervous system that speeds up heart rate
129 of 142
tapering
reducing the volume and/or intensity of training prior to competition
130 of 142
tetanic contraction
a sustained muscle contraction caused by a series of fast repeating stimuli
131 of 142
third class lever
the effort is between the fulcrum and the resistance
132 of 142
tidal volume
volume of air breathed in or out per breath
133 of 142
transverse axis
runs from side to side across the body
134 of 142
transverse plane
divides the body into upper and lower halves
135 of 142
triadic model
the three parts of an attitude; cognitive, affective, behavioural
136 of 142
vascular shunt mechanism
the redistribution of cardiac output
137 of 142
venous return
the return of the blood back to the right side of the heart via the vena cava
138 of 142
video motion analysis
a technique used to get information about moving objects from video
139 of 142
whole practice
performing a skill in its entirety without breaking it into subroutines
140 of 142
whole part whole practice
assessing a skill, identifying a weakness to practise, then putting the skill back together
141 of 142
zero transfer
when the learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another
142 of 142

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

relates to feelings and interpretation such as enjoyment

Back

affective component of attitude

Card 3

Front

aggression is caused by a learned trigger

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

the muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

a person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Sports Science resources:

See all Sports Science resources »See all ALL resources »