Type 2a - fast oxidative glycolytic
LACTIC ACID SYSTEM
- fast speed of contraction
- high force levels
- high pc stores
- quick to fatigue
- speed endurance events
- pink colour
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Type 2b - fast glycolytic
ATP - PC SYSTEM
- Very fast speeds of contraction
- very high force production
- white in colour, very small blood supply
- high pc stores
- very quick to fatigue
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Type 1 - slow twitch
Aerobic Energy System
- built for endurance activity
- red in colour, good blood supply, good oxygen
- high level of fat stores, used as energy
- high levels of oxidative enzymes, speed up break down of fat
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main muscles in the body
deltoid - abduction of the shoulder
pectorals major - adduction of the shoulder
triceps - extend the elbow
biceps - flex the elbow
external obliques - trunk rotation
latissimus dorsi - shoulder abduction
hip flexors - hip flexion
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more muscles
(legs)
quadriceps (rectus femoris) - extend the knee
hamstrings (bicep femoris) - flex the knee
tibialis anterior - dorsiflexion of the ankle
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smooth muscle
found in internal organs and blood vessels - involuntary
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cardiac muscles
found only in the heart - involuntary
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skeletal muscle
attached to the skeleton for movement - voluntary
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involuntary muscle
not under our conscious control
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voluntary muscle
under our conscious control
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isometric contraction
when a muscle is contracting but there is no movement
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isotonic contraction
when a muscle contracts to create movement
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eccentric contraction
when the muscle lengthens as the muscle fibres contract
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concentric contraction
when the muscle shortens as the muscle fibres contract
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short term effects of exercise
- increase in temperature of muscles
- increased pliability
- muscle fatigue
loss of desire to continue
- muscle soreness
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long term effects of exercise
- increased hypertrophy
- increased strength of tendons
- increased strength of ligaments
- ligaments and tendons increase in flexibility
- better tolerance of lactic acid
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effect of warm up
- HR and breathing increases
- promotes blood flow to muscles to provide them with more oxygen
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effect of cool down
- decrease HR
- relax muscles
- restore body back to original state
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