power held by politicians, police and those with backing of the law
1 of 25
personal
hold power as a result of their occupation or role such as a teacher or employer
2 of 25
social group
hold power as a result of social variablessuch as class gender and age
3 of 25
power used to enforce and maintain authority
instrumental
4 of 25
influential
power used to influence and persuade others
5 of 25
power in discourse
power manifested in situations through language
6 of 25
power behind discourse
the focus on the social and ideological reasons behind the enactment of power
7 of 25
ideology
set of beliefs or attitudes held by individuals or groups.
8 of 25
Epistemic Modality
constructions that express degrees of possibility eg should, could, might
9 of 25
Deontic Modality
constructions that express degrees of necessity eg must , will, have to
10 of 25
Synthetic personalisation
advertising and other forms of communication use personalised lang such as second person pronouns ' you' to construct relationship between producer and receiver.
11 of 25
Members resourses/ pragmatics
shared understanding between participants.
12 of 25
Power asymmetry
marked difference in power status of individuals involved in discourse
13 of 25
highlighing that one speaker has more power than other
unequal encounter
14 of 25
powerful participant
speaker with higher status- therefore able to impose a degree of power in context.
15 of 25
less powerful participant
less status in a given context, subject to constraints imposed by more powerful participant
16 of 25
constraints
powerful participants block or controll the contribution of of less powerful participants eg interupting
17 of 25
formulation
rewording by more powerful participant of someones contributing to impose a certain meaning.
18 of 25
pos face
need to feel liked and appreciated
19 of 25
need to have freedom and not to feel imposed on
neg face
20 of 25
face threatening act
threatens +/- face
21 of 25
positive and negative politness strategies
strategies someone might use to avoid face threatening acts
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