Engb1 3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? English LanguageASAQA Created by: BenCreated on: 15-01-13 14:49 Describe what Kuiper found? Created difference theory. Men pay less attention in order to save face. In order to express solidarity use insults 1 of 19 What did Pilkington find? All Female talk women aim for positive politeness strategies. Men use insults to express solidarity 2 of 19 Jennifer Coates? Difference Theory: Female talk- co-operative, speakers support each other, negotiate discussions 3 of 19 Deborah Tannen? Women- looks to feel supported, look to make friendships, and use politness strategies to make proposals 4 of 19 Tannen- men Men- see convos as competition, seek advice and solutions, use direct imperatives, prepared to argue for preferances 5 of 19 Name the different approaches associated with Language and Gender- theorists for each Deficit approach- Lakoff (women's language lacking compared to mens) 6 of 19 Continued... Dominance Approach- Lakoff & Zimmerman and West- Men dominate mixed sex conversations (more power?) 7 of 19 Continued... Difference approach- Coates, Kuiper, Pilkington, Tannen- variation between M and F language- belong to different sub- cultures 8 of 19 What is a marked term and what role does it play in lang and Gender? Marked term is one that changes between the male and female equivalent- feminizing suffixes. Female terms often perjurated. Mens term seen as normal 9 of 19 What are patronising terms? they imply superiority over the person they are speaking to. e.g. terms that imply they are younger- young lady. Terms of endearment- love dear 10 of 19 How can grammar be sexist? in terms of syntax- order of preference e.g. Mr and Mrs/ Pronouns- he/ his can often be used to describe both males and females 11 of 19 What is over representation? when there is an uneven balance between male and female terms- in this case insults. 12 of 19 Power in spoken discourse? Fairclough- Power Asymmetry. Constraints/ unequal encounters. Coulthard & Sinclair- IRF. Grice's Maxims 13 of 19 What are Grice's Maxims? Maxim of: Quantity (make informative contributions but not too much), Quality (truthful and with evidence) 14 of 19 Continued.... Maxim of relation (be relevant), Manner ( be brief and orderly, avoid being obscure or ambiguity 15 of 19 criticisms of Grice's maxims doesnt cover the whole of human communication- dishonesty for example 16 of 19 what is pragmatics? the context in which texts are written 17 of 19 What are the different word classes? Nouns, Verbs, Pronouns, Determiners, Adverbs, Adjectives, Prepositions. 18 of 19 What are determiners? A modifying word that determines the kind of reference a noun or noun group has, e.g., a, the, every. 19 of 19
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