Individual and Social Development week 1

?
What is a sensitive period?
Is an optimal age range for certain experiences, but f they occur at another time normal development is still possible
1 of 48
What is a critical period?
Is an age range during which certain experiences must happen for normal development to occur
2 of 48
Describe Cross-sectional design
Compares people of different ages at the same point in time
3 of 48
Describe Longitudinal design
Repeatedly testing the same cohort as it grows older
4 of 48
Describe Sequential design
Combines the cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches
5 of 48
What is a zygote?
A fertilised ovum
6 of 48
What is an embryo?
End of week 2 to week 8 after conception
7 of 48
What is a foetus?
Age of viability from 24-27 weeks
8 of 48
What are Teratogens?
Are external agents that cause abnormal prenatal development
9 of 48
What is FASD?
Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (mild- severe)
10 of 48
What is FAS?
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (severe)
11 of 48
What are Reflexes?
Automatic, inborn behaviours that occur in response to specific stimuli
12 of 48
What is Maturation?
Genetically programmed biological processes that govern our growth
13 of 48
What is Cephalocaudal principle?
reflects the tendency for development to proceed in a head to foot direction
14 of 48
What is Proximodistal principle?
Development begins along the innermost parts of the body and continues to the outer most parts
15 of 48
What are Epigenetics?
Environmental factors that have a powerful effect
16 of 48
What are Schemas?
Organised patterns of thought
17 of 48
What is Assimilation?
Is the process by which new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas
18 of 48
What is accomodation?
Is the process by which experiences cause existing schemas to change
19 of 48
What is object permanence?
The understanding
20 of 48
What is the Pre-operational stage?
They represent the world symbolically through words and mental images, but they do not yet understand basic mental operations
21 of 48
What is Conservation?
The principle that basic properties of objects, such as their volume, mass or quantity stay the same even when the outward appearance changes.
22 of 48
What is Egocentrism?
Difficulty in viewing the world from someone else's perpespective
23 of 48
Describe Concrete operational stage
They can perform basic mental operations concerning problems if they involve tangible objects and situations
24 of 48
Describe Formal operational stage
In which individuals can think logically about concrete and abstract problems form hypothesis and systematically test them
25 of 48
Describe Zone of proximal development
The difference between what a child can do independantly and what a child can do with assistance from adults or more advanced peers
26 of 48
What is TOM (theory of mind)?
refers to a person's beliefs about 'mind' and the ability to understand other people mental states
27 of 48
Describe Emotional regulation
The process by which we evaluate and modify our emotional reactions
28 of 48
Describe Temperament
A biologically based style of reacting emotionally and behaviourally to the environment
29 of 48
Describe Psychological stages
Each involving a different 'crisis' (conflict) over how we view ourselves in relation to other people and the world
30 of 48
What is imprinting?
A sudden biologically primed form of attachement
31 of 48
What is Attachment?
refers to the strong emotional bond that develops between children and their primary caregiver
32 of 48
What is Stranger anxiety?
Distress over contact with unfamiliar people
33 of 48
What is separation anxiety?
Distress over being separated from a primary caregiver
34 of 48
Describe Strange Situation
A standardised procedure for examining infant attachement
35 of 48
Describe Authoritative parents
Controlling but warm
36 of 48
Describe Authoritarian parents
Controlling within a cold and unresponsive or rejecting manner
37 of 48
Describe Indulgent parents
Have warm careing relationships with their children but do not provide guidance and discipline that help children learn responsibility and concern for others
38 of 48
Describe neglectful parents
provide neither warmth nor guidance
39 of 48
Describe Gender Identity
A sense of femal or maleness that becomes a central part of ones personal identity
40 of 48
Describe Gender Consistencey
The understanding that being male or female is a fixed, irreversible personal attribute
41 of 48
Describe Preconventional moral reasoning
based on anticipated punishments or rewards
42 of 48
Describe Conventional moral reasoning
Is based on conformity to social expectations, laws and duties
43 of 48
Describe Post-conventional moral reasoning
Based on well thoughtout general moral principles
44 of 48
Describe Adolescence
Period of development and gradual transition between childhood and adulthood
45 of 48
Describe Puberty
Period of rapid maturation in which the person becomes capable of sexual reproduction
46 of 48
Describe Adolescent Egocentrism
A self absorbed and distorted view of one's uniqueness and importance
47 of 48
Describe Senile dementia
Dementia that begins after age 65
48 of 48

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a critical period?

Back

Is an age range during which certain experiences must happen for normal development to occur

Card 3

Front

Describe Cross-sectional design

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe Longitudinal design

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe Sequential design

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Individual and Social Development week 1 resources »