Nobles whose wealth and territorial power made them potential rivals, uneven control that the crown had over the Kingdom, the poor finances of the crown
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What did he think about the Nobility?
Wanted to win support but make sure their power and arrogance was controlled, could either buy support or force them to, his relationship with key nobles was essential to his survival, depended on them to maintain law, their estates generated income
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What was the Attainders?
attainders used to seize titles and possessions from the nobles he suspected as disloyal, special laws passed through parliament which allowed someone to declare guilty of treason without going through trial
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When was the attainder first used?
First used against man who opposed him in the Battle of Bosworth, then just continued to use them throughout his reign
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How strict were attainders?
He was often prepared to reverse the attainder and restore land and titles if he thought they would secure gratitude and future loyalty
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How many attainders were passed and reversed during his reign?
138 attainders were passed and 46 reversed
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How did Henry deal with Patronage?
He didn't distribute land like Edward IV, he was concerned with not created a group of nobles who could overthrow him
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What did this lack of patronage result in?
the amount of people considered nobles fell by 1/4 during his reign due to deaths and attainders
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What happened to the nobles property and estates?
vacant land was taken by Henry making him the biggest land owner in England
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What were the Attacks on Retaining?
retaining was the practice by which a noble man kept a large number of men as his personal staff, in theory to be used as house hold servants, but in practice as gangs of enforcers
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When were the two laws of Attacks on Retaining passed?
1485 - swear they would not retain illegally 1504 - required a special licence from the King
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What was the penalty for retaining illegally?
£5 per month per illegal retainer
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Did nobles abide by the rules of attaining?
Nobles found ways to avoid getting a licence e.g by covering up records of the wages being paid to servants
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How did Henry introduce financial control?
demand a financial bond from individual nobles or their families, this would place them in debt with the crown, thus remaining loyal in the future
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How many of the nobility were held under bonds in Henry's last decades?
2/3
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Give an example of a noble held under a bond?
Lord Burgavenny, convicted 1507 of illegally retaining 471 men and fined £70,000, Henry knew this would bankrupt him so the lord agreed to pay £5,000 over ten years (under a bond)
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How did Henry enforce the bonds?
Henry established the Council Learned in Law to act as a royal debt collector
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What were the benefits of having Local and Regional Governments?
The effective government depended on having reliable network of officials throughout the country to carry out the King's law
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What were JPs?
Justices of the Peace, appointed
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What did he think about the Nobility?
Back
Wanted to win support but make sure their power and arrogance was controlled, could either buy support or force them to, his relationship with key nobles was essential to his survival, depended on them to maintain law, their estates generated income
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