Government under Henry VII

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  • Created by: 15mkooner
  • Created on: 08-05-21 11:27
How did Henry secure his throne?
1) marriage to Elizabeth
2) Use of Parliament
3) The pope
4) Securing opposition
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Why was Henry's throne weak at the beginning of his reign?
1) He only had royal blood/legitimacy via his mother
2) the previous king had been Yorkist
3) He was a usurper of Richard III
4) Lack of finances
5) Spent most of his early life in Brittany
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Who organised the 1486 rebellion?
- Viscount Lovell
- Sir Thomas and Sir Henry Stafford
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What were the aims of the Lovell/Stafford Rebellion?
- to overthrow Henry VII and replace him with an unspecified Yorkist
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When was the Lambert Simnel rebellion?
1487
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Who organised the Lambert Simnel rebellion?
- Richard Symons
- Earl of Kildare
- John de La Pole
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Who did Lambert Simnel claim to be?
Earl of Warwick
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When did the Lambert Simnel threat end?
At the Battle of Stoke - where De La Pole and Lovell were killed, although Simnel was pardoned
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Which rebellion happened in 1489?
The Yorkshire Rebellion
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How did Henry put down the Yorkshire rebellion?
- He refused to hear the Earl of Northumberland's arguments
- He appointed the Earl of Surrey to crush the rebellion
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Who supported Perkin Warbeck?
- Margaret of Burgundy
- Louis XII of France
- Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian
- James IV of Scotland
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Who did Warbeck claim to be?
- Richard, Duke of York
- He supported this claim by marrying Lady Catherine Gordon
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When was Perkin Warbeck executed?
1499, along with Edward of Warwick (last of the male York heirs)
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What happened in 1497?
The Cornish rebellion
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Who led the Cornish rebellion?
- Michael en Gof
- Thomas Flamank
- Lord Audley
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How many rebels were there in the Cornish rebellion?
15,000
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What happened at the Battle of Blackheath?
- Cornish defeated
- The leaders executed
- The rebels were heavily fined (Profit = £15,000)
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Why did De La Pole rebel?
Disagreed with being punished for his brother's role in the rebellions
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How did Henry try to force HRE Maximilian to return De La Pole?
- Paid him £10,000 and then cut off cloth trade
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How did the De La Pole threat end?
Philip of Burgundy landed in England in 1506 during a storm and henry persuaded him to give up De La Pole.
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How many noble families were there in England at this time?
55 to 65
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How many Knights of the Garter did Henry make?
37
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How many times did the Great Council meet in Henry's reign?
5
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How many Acts of Attainder were passed/revoked by Henry?
138 passed
46 revoked
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What was a 'Bond'?
A legal document that bound an individual to another to perform an action or forfeit a sum of money
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What were 'feudal dues'?
Took control of the estates of minors who had to pay 'livery' before inheriting
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What was Henry's expenditure like?
- Avoided major, costly wars
- Spent a lot of money on grand celebrations eg: his wedding to Elizabeth of York
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What 5 methods of ordinary revenue did Henry use?
1) Crown lands
2) Custom duties
3) Feudal dues
4) Bonds and recognisances
5) Profits of Justice
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How much money did Henry earn from Custom Duties per year?
£40,000 - (had been £70,000 under Edward IV)
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How much did Henry earn from Feudal Dues each year and how did this compare to previously?
- rose from £300 to £6,000
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What 6 methods of Extraordinary revenue did Henry use?
- Parliamentary taxation
- Benevolences and forced loans
- Loans from wealthy subjects eg: nobles
- Clerical taxation
- Feudal aid
- The French Pension
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How much did Henry earn from Benevolences in 1491 and what for?
Almost £50,000 for the expedition to France
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Why was Henry reluctant to use Benevolences?
It could provoke resentment from the nobility
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What was the French Pension?
-part of the Treaty of Etaples in 1492
- France agreed to pay Henry annual instalments of £5,000
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How did Henry's income compare to other European monarchs?
- Henry = £113,000 per annum
- King of France = £800,000 per annum
- HRE Maximilian = £1.1 million per annum
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What was the 'chamber'?
- dealt with most aspects of royal income (except customs)
- Henry personally oversaw and signed off all transactions
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What were the 'new men'?
- Educated professionals who held their positions due to expertise rather than social status.
- Owed all wealth and success to Henry so were very loyal to him.
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Who was Reginald Bray?
Henry's most trusted advisor - 'the only man who ever really had any influence over Henry'
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Who were Empson and Dudley?
- Council learned in the law - oversaw taxes and bonds but were detested for this
- Executed by Henry VIII
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Did Henry strengthen England's financial position?
YES - Increased crown revenue from royal estates to over £100,000 x4 than Richard III
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How was Henry's national government organised?
- Monarchy
- Central government
- Regional government
- Local government
- Royal council - used as advisors
- Justices of the peace
- Council Learned in the Law (King's council)
- Tribunal Court for law enforcment
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How was Henry's local government organised?
By JPs maintained order when Henry wasn't present. They also ran the courts and implemented Henry's laws - were loyal to the king as they were personally appointed
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How was Henry's regional government organised?
- Used trusted nobles to control remote areas
- Carefully did not assign too much power to any one man in one region
- Council of the North defended the English/Scottish border
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why was Henry's throne weak at the beginning of his reign?

Back

1) He only had royal blood/legitimacy via his mother
2) the previous king had been Yorkist
3) He was a usurper of Richard III
4) Lack of finances
5) Spent most of his early life in Brittany

Card 3

Front

Who organised the 1486 rebellion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What were the aims of the Lovell/Stafford Rebellion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

When was the Lambert Simnel rebellion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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