Global migration

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What are some reasons for migration?
Economic - seeking work & social opps, Environmental - natural disasters, safety, crime, crop failure, Economic - lack of services Political - war
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What are migrant remittances?
A migrant living in a different county but sending money back home to family in origin country
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what is a refugee?
a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.
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what is a migrant?
Migrants are persons who leave or flee their habitual residence to go to new places – usually abroad – to seek opportunities or safer and better prospects
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what is an asylum seeker?
someone who has fled their home country, in order to seek asylum - international protection
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what does international migration lead to?
Changes ethnic composition of populations, creates diversity but changes attitudes to national identity
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what has encouraged rural to urban migration?
Gloablisation, demand for labour has changed. (UK shortage of plumbers in 2004, filled by polish immigrants)
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what % of global population live outside of they birth country?
3% - 4%, varies because of governmental polices
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What affects the source area of migrants?
war, natural disasters, financial crises, produces flows of voluntary economic migration...
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when is economic efficiency maximised?
when goods, capital and labour can move freely across international boarders, poses challenges for national identity and sovereignty
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what is the Zelinksy model?
as a country develops, the type of migration changes. more developed states, rise in international migration, increases global hub cities & deepens interdependence
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what is national sovereignty?
the concept of independent nations having an organised government who have the right to make laws and regulations without other nations interfering.
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what do national sovereignty states vary in?
ethnic, culture and linguistic unity due to pop growth, isolation and migration.
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what is the difference between national boarders and other boarders?
national boarders occur due to physical geography and history development. others are results of colonial history, ethnic and religious have no input, cause tensions (south sudan)
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what is nationalism?
extreme form of patriotism where one nation feels superior over other countries. develop of empires such as roman empire
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what is a megacity?
a city which has a population of 10 million or more people.
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What can rapid urban growth cause?
social, environmental such as overcrowding, stress on housing/healthcare/resources,
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state 3 facts about USA
has 50 states, GDP was 20.54 trillion in 2018, has strong influence on global migration
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what is the demography?
41.3 million immigrants in 2013, 78 nationalities, estimated pop of 329, 227, 746, 13% african american, 18% hispanic & latino, white 77%. most immigrants form mexico
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Current patterns of immigration and emigration in USA?
largest migrational flows in mexico, canid, uk, puerto rico... US admitted 250.000 immigrants in 1950s, typical day, 110,000 immigrants enter us , more at 35 - 39 for mexico, 20 - 24 for china, 30 - 34 for india
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what are some changes over time?
rapid growth or immigrants, slowing due to declaration of mexican influx, tightening of boarder control
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what factors attract immigrants to the USA?
positive immigration policy (green card), employment, higher wages (remittances), family reunification, policy on refugee status
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Americas migration policy?
Reunification of familys - 480,000 visas, admission of migrants with valuable skills, protecting refugees, promoting diversity, humanitarian relief - temp visas for victims of natural disaster/conflict
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Interdependance?
2013 11.5 mil mexicans lived in us and 1 mil in mexico, largest diaspora. low skilled mexicans contribute to economy , high wages - remittance, 2% of GDP. NAFTA - bilateral trade from USA to mexico grown a lot. political power relations unbalanced
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opportunities from USA international migration?
immigrates do **** jobs - contribute to GDP and economy growth, US immigration policy attracts pros, most immigrants - young, more immigrants = more consumers
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challenges created from USA international migration?
illegal immigrants, tightened west boarders, stregthened refugee security screening, uneven progress in integration immigrant groups, pressure on resources
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country info of Laos?
socialist state, only landlocked country in southeast asia, LIDC poor, member of ASEAN, net migration loss is high, human trafficking is a major prob
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what is the demography like?
more than half of population is Lao. 10% blog to low land groups. majority language is Lao. pop is 6.8 mil
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Patterns of immigration and emigration?
2013, 1.29 mill Laos emigrants lived abroad. 930,000 emigrants to thailand, 200000 to USA
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reasons for emigration to Thailand?
minimum wage 300 baht in thai, 80 in Laos. insufficient land for farming - food insecurity. low education so unskilled and needed in Thai
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Human trafficking?
vulnerability of young migrants forced labour and sex in Thai, trafficking of under age footballers form libera to Laos to play for Champasah united
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how to tackle the human trafficking?
UNICEF and NGOs like CARE to implement against trafficking. National plan of action: PREVENTION education PROTECTION: shelters for woman needing counselling PROSECUTION investigating trafficking networks
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Migration Policies?
ASEAN, aims for freer movement of skilled labour form 2015, metal recognition agreement.
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Interdependance?
Laos - Thailand strong migration corridor, completion of friendship bridge help with trade. work together as members of Mekong river commission to manage flooding. Rail links between Thai & vietnam
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Opportunities form migration?
bilateral relations w vietnam - economic cooperation, remittances important 22% live below p line, political stability
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challenges from migration?
human trafficking, low skilled migrants, movement of disease, loss of skilled labour to Thai,
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patterns of immigration and emigration in Brazil?
a net migration loss half a mil in each four year period. increased migration, slow of emigration to USA but increased high skilled to europe, more migrants form Haiti
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changes over time?
immigration has slowed in last 15 years. 80,000 fewer immigrants, emigration increased.
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interdependence?
brazil and portugal have a long standing bilateral relationship. shared language, ancestry and family ties. USA and brazil as low skilled jobs, send remittances, return with aquaired knowledge, help with education. Haiti easily obtain visas
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Impact of migration on Brazil?
growth in agriculture and manufacturing sectors. arial of high skilled pros reducing gaps in labour market. stable's political relationships with brazil & important receiver or political refugees as stable gov. UNESCO - inequalities in Brazilian soci
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are migrant remittances?

Back

A migrant living in a different county but sending money back home to family in origin country

Card 3

Front

what is a refugee?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is a migrant?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is an asylum seeker?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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