3.2.1: Globalisation, migration and a shrinking world.

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Globalisation
The growing interdependence of countries resulting from increasing integration of trade, finance, people and ideas into one global marketplace.
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How many shipping containers are there in the world?
Over 20 million.
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What is the world's largest mobile phone company? How many people are on its network?
China Mobile. Over 800 million people.
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What was the UK's internet population in 2014?
90%.
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What was the world's migrant population in 2014?
240 million.
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What is the first stage of economic development (Kondratieff Wave 1)?
The early industrial revolution. (1700s in the UK)
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What is the second stage of economic development (Kondratieff Wave 2)?
The age of steam power. eg. coal industry in South Wales.
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What is the third stage of economic development (Kondratieff Wave 3)?
The age of electrical engineering (Post 1890s in the UK).
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What is the fourth stage of economic development (Kondratieff Wave 4)?
The introduction of mass production (Fordism in the 1930s).
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What is the fifth stage of economic development (Kondratieff Wave 5)?
The growth of the quaternary sector ( IT and biotechnology).
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Deindustrialisation.
The decline of regionally important industries (eg. shipbuilding in the UK).
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What percentage of the world's top 500 companies outsource activities to India?
50%.
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By how much did this benefit the Indian economy in 2008?
$24 million.
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Fordism
The development of assembly-line processes that permitted the production or large volumes of standardised products.
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Just-in-time
The delivery of goods just when they are needed. This was developed by the Japanese as a means to reduce storage capacity. eg. Toyota in Derby.
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Just-in-case
The delivery of goods and raw materials in such a way that they can be stored for use when they are needed. It is an extravagant use of space and has been replaced by just-in-time.
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Example of an economic link between countries and regions:
Free trade agreements (FTAs) such as between the USA and Australia.
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Example of a social link between countires and regions:
Migration of friends and family members eg. UK retirees to Spain.
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Political links:
International meetings eg. G6 summit.
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Cultural links:
Global cities and multiculturalism.
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Environmental links:
eg. Paris agreement 2015 (COP21)- countries agreed to reduce their CO2 emissions.
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Technological links:
Internet, sea floor cable data network.
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Reasons for globalisation-improvements in transportation:
Larger cargo ships decrease costs. Goods and people can travel more quickly.
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Reasons for globalisation- freedom of trade:
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) promotes free trade between countries.
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Reasons for globalisation- improvements of communications:
Internet and mobile technology.
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Reasons for globalisation- labour availability and skills:
Labour intensive industries such as clothing can take advantage of cheaper labour costs and reduced legal restrictions in LEDCs.
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Migration.
The movement of people from one place to another.
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Permanent migration.
When someone moves from one place to another and has no plans to return to their original home.
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Temporary migration.
Limited by time- eg. seasonal employment.
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Forced migration.
When someone has no choice but to move.
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Voluntary migration.
The opposite of forced migration.
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International migration.
Moving from one country to another.
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Internal migration.
Moving within the same country or region eg. Manchester to London
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Economic migration.
Moving to find work or pursue a particular career.
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Social migration.
Moving closer to family or friends or for a better quality of life.
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Political migration.
Moving to escape war or political persecution.
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Environmental causes of migration:
Natural disasters such as earthquakes.
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Push factors (Factors that make people move):
Drought, famine, lack of jobs, over-population, civil war, poor access to global trading markets.
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Pull factors (Factors that encourage people to move):
Chance of a better job, better education, better standard of living.
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How many immigrants are there in the world?
191 million.
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By how much has immigration increased in the last 50 years?
Almost 50%.
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In which continent were approximately half of the world's mirgants born?
Asia.
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What percentage of the world's population has access to the internet?
55%.
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What percentage of Africa's population has access to the internet?
36%.
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Card 2

Front

How many shipping containers are there in the world?

Back

Over 20 million.

Card 3

Front

What is the world's largest mobile phone company? How many people are on its network?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the UK's internet population in 2014?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was the world's migrant population in 2014?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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