Gender, Crime and Justice

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  • Created by: FatCat3
  • Created on: 08-11-22 14:20
what was the trend in crime and who found this?
Heidensohn and Silvestri found men commit more crime and;
.3/4 offenders in the UK were male
.by age 40, 9% f committed crime but 32% m
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why do women commit less crime?
-f crime less reported because it's a less noticeable crime ie shoplifting
-f less likely to be prosecuted or given a harsh sentence
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what is the chivalry thesis and who proposed it?
what evidence supports this theory?
Pollak argues men are socialised into being protective, chivalrous and forgiving
-page et al self report study, 1/11 f offenders prosecuted, 1/7 m offenders prosecuted
-official statistics show f more likely to be released on bail then m
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what the evidence against C.T?
-Box found women who committed serious offences weren't treated leniently compared to m
-many m c get unreported ie 2012, only 8% f victims of SA gets reported but yearnshire found f suffer 35 assaults before reporting
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continuing w previous card
-crime of mc ignored
-f offence could be less serious or they may show more remorse then m
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what does bias against women argue and who argued it?
what evidence supports this?
Heindensohn- f treated harshly if they deviate from gender norms as well
-there are double standards ie f punished for promiscious behaviour not m (Sharpe found 11 girls were referred for support due to this but not-
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continuing w previous card
how does the court assess f?
-the 44 boys)
assessed as if the f is their own wife, mother, daughter, etc
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how is the low f rate of crime explained? include sociologist
biologically, women deny have innate drive to be agg as m, lombroso + Ferrero
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what is the functionalist sex role theory and who argued it?
parsons, f is expressive leader and teaches f to behave, as m at work, boy child will reject f role model and engage in compensatory, compulsory masculinity which makes them agg and anti social (new right think same but with matrifocal lone parent fams)
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name the evaluations for this
-biologically assumes women are best carers
-untested biological assumptions
-there are alternative explanations (see below)
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what does the patriarchal control theory suggests and who suggests it?
Heindensohn, f are more controlled, reducing opportunities to commit c, they are:
.controlled at home- takes away time and confined to house (also girls, ie not allowed out)
.control in public- threat of men+violence, ie 54%-
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continuing w previous card
-f scared to go out at night to avoid crime, only 14% for m
.control at work- f dont get senior positions at work and prevents them from doing wcc
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what is the class and gender deals and who proposed it?
Carlen, studied 39 wc women, and uses Hrisichi's theory of control; that human acts are controlled by providing deals;
.the class deal- f who work are given decent standard of living+material needs -
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continuing w previous card
- but most women are in poverty ie 32/39 women in this case were in poverty
.the gender deal- f promised material rewards from a family, but most f left in abusive rs, feel powerless and therefore resort to crime
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name the evaluation for this
+Heindensohn shows how control prevents f from committing crimes
+carlen shows how failing to give f the deals removes controls and lets them offend
-undermines freewill in crime
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continuing w previous card
-carlen sample was small and unrepresentative (wc, serious offenders)
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what is the liberation thesis? who proposed it?
if society is less patriarchal and more equal, then f crimes will be the same as men. Adler argues this has led to a new f crime due to changes in society (ie f adopting more m roles), allowing f to commit crimes ie wcc
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what is evidence for this
-from 1950s-90s, share of offences rose from 1 in 7 to 1 in 6 (f)
-media- growth of girl gangs (penscombe), f more likely to be risk taking like m
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name the evaluation of L.T?
-f.c rate started increasing in 1950s but the LT movement was round 60s
-most f criminals a re wc, lt movement done nothing for them (only mc f)
-branching into m crimes like drugs can be linked-
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contining w previous card
-to f crimes ie prostitution
-illegit opportunities doesn't mean crime as f gang members still had to conform to gender roles like non deviant f
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what was seen by violent crimes and females? which sociologists showed this?
Hand+Dodd from 2000-2008, violent offences rose by 17% each year by f
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what is criminalisation of f? include sociologists
steffensmein+schwartz found official statistics said v.c grew from 1/5 to 1/3, but victim surveys didn't show an increase in f crime, so they suggest a theory called net widening. nw is when there rlly isn't a change in f v.c and is due to the justice-
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continuing w previous card
-system widening their arrests and prosecutions for less serious crimes
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what is the moral panic of girls? include sociologists
that social construction results from, a moral panic on girls behaviours, ie Busman+Batchelor say media portrays young f as drunk, disorderly, etc, which can affect judge/court perception of f criminals, which can lead to a sap or amplification spiral (Sh
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what is gender and victimisation?
.crime survey for England and Wales found that homicide offenders are 70% male and 60% victims are f, majority of the killers are ex partners
.more f victims of d.v
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why do men commit crime? include sociologists
masculinity and crime;
messerschmidt argues masculinity is an social accomplishment m want, m can do this the legit way ie through job success, or illegit way, where ppl lack resources ie wc and so resort to crime to show masculinity
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give an example of a masculinity and crime group
.black lower wc youths- few expectations of good jobs cuz of racism, use gangs and violence to express masculinity and achieve material success
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name the evaluations of this
-is masculinity an explanation of crime or a description of male offenders
-doesnt explain why not all men use crime to accomplish masculinity
-only explaining wc men crimes
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continuing w previous card
-overworks concepts of masculinity to explain all m crime when it could be other reasons ie free will
-deterministic
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what does post-modernity look at with masculinity and crime, who suggests it?
winlow, due to globalisation, men don't have traditional jobs and cant show their masculinity, but theres an increase in leisure activities ie bar, clubs, pubs, where m can have a job such s a bodyguard which is legit and shows masculinity
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what is bodily capital?
where men can use their violence to earn a wage and not resort to crime (ie bodyguard), which they can use as a commodity
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

why do women commit less crime?

Back

-f crime less reported because it's a less noticeable crime ie shoplifting
-f less likely to be prosecuted or given a harsh sentence

Card 3

Front

what is the chivalry thesis and who proposed it?
what evidence supports this theory?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what the evidence against C.T?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

continuing w previous card

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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