Gender and crime
- Created by: maddieecarr
- Created on: 11-06-22 13:24
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- Gender and crime
- Trends of gender and crime
- Women commit less crime than men
- 95% of the prison population are men in England and Wales
- Men are 15x more likely to be convicted of murder
- Men 60x more likely to be guilty of sex offences
- Explaining trends in gender and crime
- Chivalry thesis
- Women are treated more leniently by the criminal justice system than men
- Makes men appear more criminal or have higher rates of custodial sentencing
- Women more likely to be fined/ cautioned
- Sex role theory (Parsons)
- Gender differences in socialisation mean that women are less likely to commit crime than men
- Men taught aggression; women taught gentle and caring behaviour
- Boys are more likely to be raised without a same-sex parent
- Inadequate socialisation leading to higher crime rates
- Gender differences in socialisation mean that women are less likely to commit crime than men
- Control theory (Heidensohn)
- Control in the home
- Domestic tasks and childcare prevent opportunity to commit crime outside of the home
- Domestic violence physically enforcing these roles
- Bedroom culture in girls due to increased protection of women stops them going out and engaging in crime
- Control in public
- Fear of crime reduces women going/ staying out
- Appearance and dress causing reputation
- Reduces attendance to crime hubs such as pubs/ bars due to fear of negative perception
- E.g as a prostitute
- Reduces attendance to crime hubs such as pubs/ bars due to fear of negative perception
- Control at work
- Subordinate roles in the workplace due to the glass ceiling restricting opportunity to commit workplace crimes (white-collar crime)
- Dominance by male supervisors and colleagues
- Sexual harassment in the workplace
- Control in the home
- Carlen’s deals
- Class deal: women in work will be provided with material rewards, leisure and decent living standards
- When women are unable or do not want to meet the gender and class deals, crime becomes possible
- Gender deal: patriarchy promises material and emotional rewards of the nuclear family and gender role conformity
- When women are unable or do not want to meet the gender and class deals, crime becomes possible
- Social class and poverty are important factors in determining female crime
- Class deal: women in work will be provided with material rewards, leisure and decent living standards
- Liberation thesis (Fran Adler)
- As women gain more status and are freed from patriarchy, crime becomes more severe and frequent
- Chivalry thesis
- Why are men committing more crime?
- Hegemonic masculinity (Messerschmidt)
- Crime is a way for men to achieve or demonstrate masculinity
- Strength is favoured over intelligence and increases aggressive reactions to challenge
- Crime becomes possible as men seek to prove themself a real man
- Hegemonic masculinity (Messerschmidt)
- Trends of gender and crime
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