Energy revision

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Classification
Renewables can be divided into 2 subgroups:
-critical or recyclable (e.g. biomass, which requires management for sustainable use)
-noncritical or everlasting (e.g. tides, waves, wind, running water, sunshine)
Non-renewables: coal, oil, gas or nuclear
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Fossil fuels - Oil & Gas formation
Formation begins when the dead remains of organisms accumulate on the seafloor where conditions are stagnant - there is no oxygen to decompose the remains. As this accumulation gets deeper, the organics within it are subject to heat and pressure, forming
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Fossil fuels - Coal formation
Forms typically in swampy, waterlogged conditions where plant debris is unable to decompose. This initially arms peat, before undergoing the process of coalification: when the peat is buried and compacted, with the addition of heat, the hydrocarbons break
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Renewables
Top producers globally:
-Nigeria
-UAE
-Canada
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Non-Renewables distribution
Oil
-largest reserves: Saudi Arabia, Iran
-largest consumer: Middle East
Natural gas
-largest reserves: Russia, Middle East
-largest consumers: USA, China, Russia, Iran
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Non-Renewables distribution (2)
Coal
-largest reserves: Russia, USA, Asia
-largest consumer: Asia Pacific
Nuclear
-largest producer: Australia
-largest consumers: Europe, USA
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Alternatives to non-renewables: Solar
-makes up 0.5% of the world's energy
-expensive to install
-can be considered an 'eyesore'
-large carbon dioxide emissions during construction
-unreliable: dependent on seasons
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Alternatives to non-renewables: Ocean/wave
-only effective in certain locations
-environmental concerns
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Alternatives to non-renewables: Wind
-makes up 0.3% of the world's energy
-considered an 'eyesore'
-only effective in certain locations
-unreliable: dependent on seasons
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Alternatives to non-renewables: Biomass/biofuels
-makes up 4.2% of the world's energy
-limited scale
-causes competitions of land
-requires constant human management for sustainable use
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Alternatives to non-renewables: Hydrological
-makes up 3% of the world's energy
-environmental, political and social issues have emerged from the use of this
-geographically dependent
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Alternatives to non-renewables: Geothermal
-makes up 0.2% of the world's energy
-limited availability due to being geographically dependent
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The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 1960
-responsible for 40% of the world's oil production
-12 members, including Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Venezuela and Nigeria
-world oil production is partly decided by these countries limiting the amount of barrels produced a day
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Oil production in the USA
-rapidly increasing, currently producing 11 million barrels a day
-this is due to new methods such as 'fracking' and horizontal drilling in places such as North Dakota and Texas
-this will cause oil prices to fall
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Natural gas distribution
-40.6% in the Middle East
-37.5% in Europe and Eurasia
-compared to only 4% in USA
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Geothermal
-89% of energy used in Iceland is geothermal
-USA is the world's biggest producer of geothermal energy: 28.7%
-many places (e.g. South America) have the natural resources but do not have the wealth to exploit them
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Formation begins when the dead remains of organisms accumulate on the seafloor where conditions are stagnant - there is no oxygen to decompose the remains. As this accumulation gets deeper, the organics within it are subject to heat and pressure, forming

Back

Fossil fuels - Oil & Gas formation

Card 3

Front

Forms typically in swampy, waterlogged conditions where plant debris is unable to decompose. This initially arms peat, before undergoing the process of coalification: when the peat is buried and compacted, with the addition of heat, the hydrocarbons break

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Top producers globally:
-Nigeria
-UAE
-Canada

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Oil
-largest reserves: Saudi Arabia, Iran
-largest consumer: Middle East
Natural gas
-largest reserves: Russia, Middle East
-largest consumers: USA, China, Russia, Iran

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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