Crime & Deviance: Topic 2

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  • Created by: Ashley2K
  • Created on: 19-05-17 16:49
How does Becker describe a deviant?
For Becker, a deviant is simply someone to whom the label has been successfully applied, and deviant behaviour is simply behaviour that people label so.
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What are labelling theorists interested in?
Labelling theorists are interested in moral entrepreneurs, these are people who lead a moral 'crusade' to change the law in the belief that it will benefit those to whom it is applied.
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What does Becker suggest the creation of a new law may cause?
Becker suggests it may create 1. The creation of a new group of 'outsiders' who break the new rule 2. The creation of expansion of a social control agency such as the police to enforce to rule and impose labels on offenders.
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What three factors affect whether a person is arrested, charged and convicted?
1. Their interactions with agencies of social control 2. Their appearance & background 3. The situation and circumstances of the offence
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What did Cicourel find in regards to officers typifications?
Cicourel found that officers had typifications, their stereotypes of what the typical delinquent is like, leading them to concentrate of certain types. Examples include a class bias.
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What is primary deviance?
Primary deviance refers to deviant acts that have not been publicly labelled.
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What is secondary deviance?
Secondary deviance is the result of societal reaction, once an individual is labelled others may only come to see him in terms of the label, this is known as a master status.
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What may secondary deviance cause?
Secondary deviance labelling may cause the self-fulfilling prophecy in which the individual acts out or lives up to their deviant label.
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What is the deviance amplification spiral?
The deviance amplification spiral is a term used to describe a process in which the attempt to control deviance leads to an increase in the deviance itself. This leads to greater attempts to control it and in turn, produces yet more deviance.
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How does labelling theory suggest we can reduce deviance?
Labellings theory suggests we must avoid negatively labelling people as it pushes people into a deviant career. Therefore, we should make and enforce fewer rules for people to break and avoid 'naming and shaming'
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What two types of shaming does Braithwaite identify?
1. Disintegrative shaming: where not only the crime, but the criminal is labelled as bad and excluded from society 2. Reintegrative shaming: labels the act but not the actor, as if saying 'he has done a bad thing' rather than 'he is a bad person'
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Give two criticisms of labelling theory.
1. It tends to be deterministic, implying that once someone is labelled, a deviant career is inevitable 2. It fails to explain why people commit primary deviance in the first place
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Card 2

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What are labelling theorists interested in?

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Labelling theorists are interested in moral entrepreneurs, these are people who lead a moral 'crusade' to change the law in the belief that it will benefit those to whom it is applied.

Card 3

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What does Becker suggest the creation of a new law may cause?

Back

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Card 4

Front

What three factors affect whether a person is arrested, charged and convicted?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

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What did Cicourel find in regards to officers typifications?

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