Core Areas Cognitive Psychology Term Two Keywords

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  • Created by: PsycSaph
  • Created on: 03-04-19 15:20
Attention
the means by which we actually process a limited amount of information from the enormous amount of information available through our senses, our stored memories and our other cognitive processes
1 of 70
Automaticity
state in which tasks do not require conscious control
2 of 70
Amnesia
sever memory loss typically associated with brain injury, illness or psychological trauma
3 of 70
Anterograde amnesia
memory loss for events occurring after trauma
4 of 70
Artefact
man-made grouping
5 of 70
Analogy
thing that resembles what it represents
6 of 70
Arbitariness
language is not inherently connected to the meaning it conveys
7 of 70
Availability heuristic
events that are easily remembered are judged more probable
8 of 70
Black box
behaviourist representation of the mind, assuming it cannot be understood
9 of 70
Bottom-up
stimulus-driven processing
10 of 70
Binocular
cues observed with two eyes
11 of 70
Cognitive psychology
the mind and thoughts are assumed to govern behaviour
12 of 70
Computational metaphor
mind is a computing device
13 of 70
Cognitive science
multi-disciplinary approach to studying the mind
14 of 70
Continuity
elements that form a smooth continuous figure are perceived as forming a group
15 of 70
Conjunction search
scanning the environment for a combination of features
16 of 70
Cocktail party effect
ability to tune into one conversation while tuning out all other noises
17 of 70
Chunking
combining smaller units into larger ones
18 of 70
Central executive
coordinates information and components
19 of 70
Coordinate
at the same level of hierarchy
20 of 70
Cognitive economy
properties only stored once at the highest possible node
21 of 70
Distal stimulus
entity in the external world
22 of 70
Depth perception
ability to perceive the external world in 3D and distances to external entities
23 of 70
Depth cues
sensory info that aids in 3D perception of external world
24 of 70
Displacement
language is not limited to the here and now
25 of 70
Deduction
reasoning from general to specific
26 of 70
Encoding
putting information into memory
27 of 70
Episodic buffer
integrates information in working memory with long-term memory
28 of 70
Epiphenimenal
by-product of primary mental processes
29 of 70
Figure ground
some elements are prominent (figure), some in background (ground)
30 of 70
Feature search
scanning the environment for a single feature
31 of 70
Grouping principles
laws that govern the perceived grouping of elements
32 of 70
Human anology
: receives an input, performs internal unobservable computation and produces an output
33 of 70
Hierarchy
general concepts at top and specific at bottom
34 of 70
Imagery
the mental representation of stimuli not currently sensed by the sense organs
35 of 70
Induction
reasoning from specific to general
36 of 70
Links
correspond to relations among concepts and properties of concepts
37 of 70
Language
system of communication
38 of 70
Monocular
cues observed with one eye
39 of 70
Memory
the means by which we encode, store and retrieve info and experiences
40 of 70
Morphology
describes the meaning units of language
41 of 70
Nodes
correspond to concepts
42 of 70
Natural kind
naturally occurring grouping
43 of 70
Proximal sensation
stimulation of the sense organs by a distal stimulus
44 of 70
Perceptual object
internalised representation of a distal stimulus
45 of 70
Perception
the set of processes by which we recognise, organise and make sense of the sensations we receive from the external world
46 of 70
Proximity
elements are close are perceived as forming a group
47 of 70
Primacy effect
superior recall for items at the beginning of a list
48 of 70
Phonological loop
briefly stores acoustic information
49 of 70
Propositional
specify superordinate-subordinate relations among concepts
50 of 70
Property links
specify properties of concepts
51 of 70
Proposition
string of symbols that is arbitrarily related to what it represents
52 of 70
Phonology
describes the sound units of language
53 of 70
Retrieval
getting information out
54 of 70
Recency effect
superior recall for items at the end of a list
55 of 70
Retrograde amnesia
memory loss for events occurring before trauma
56 of 70
Representativeness heuristic
probability that A is a member of B is determined by how well A resembles B
57 of 70
Sensation
the set of processes by which our sense organs respond to and translate stimuli from the external world into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain
58 of 70
Similarity
elements that are similar are perceived as forming a group
59 of 70
Symmetry
elements that form a figure that id symmetric around its centre are perceived as a group
60 of 70
Search
the ability to find a particular stimulus
61 of 70
Storage
retaining information over time
62 of 70
Selective attention
ability to focus on some stimulus while filtering out other stimulus
63 of 70
Superordinate
at a higher level in the hierarchy
64 of 70
Subordinate
at a lower level in the hierarchy
65 of 70
Symbol
thing that represents or stands for something else (e.g. words)
66 of 70
Syntax
describes the phrasal and sentential structure of language
67 of 70
Speech perception
the set of processes by which we recognise, organise and make sense of speech sounds
68 of 70
Top-down
expectation-driven processing
69 of 70
Visuospatial sketchpad
briefly stores visual & spatial information
70 of 70

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Automaticity

Back

state in which tasks do not require conscious control

Card 3

Front

Amnesia

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Anterograde amnesia

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Artefact

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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