CH2 - THINGS I KEEP FORGETTING

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  • Created by: Tasha.L
  • Created on: 02-06-16 20:30
What type of isomers do alkanes show?
Chain branching isomers.
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What is the stage of initiation in free radical substitution represent?
Homolytic bond fission.
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What are the problems with halogenation?
1. Mixtures are always formed. 2. Radicals are extremely reactive due to their unpaired electron, and so are difficult to control and use.
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Explain the bond strength of haloalkanes.
The carbon halogen bond is polar. As you go down group 7, the strength of the bond decreases, as the atomic radius increases, shielding increases and e.n.c decreases.
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Why is the carbon of the carbon-halogen bond of an haloalkane susceptible to attack from a nucleophile?
The polarity of the carbon-halogen bond means that the carbon is electron deficient, and so is open to attack from a nucleophile.
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What are the conditions for an elimination reaction?
Aqueous sodium hydroxide and heat.
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Why are alkenes susceptible to an attack from an electrophile?
They have a pair of electrons in their pi bond.
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Where is hydrogenation widely used?
It is used in the food industry to convert oils into semi solids, such as margarine.
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Define geometric isomer.
Isomers with the same structural formula but the bonds are arranged differently in space.
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What are some of the problems with plastics?
1. They are non-biodegradable due to the inert carbon chain. 2. If burnt toxic fumes are released.
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What are the conditions of the catalytic hydration of an alkene to produce an alcohol?
1. 60 - 70 atm. 2. Phosphoric acid catalyst. 3. 300'C
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What are the conditions for the dehydration of an alcohol into an alkene?
1. Concentrated sulfuric acid.
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What is a common oxidising agent?
Acidified potassium dichromate.
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What is the functional group of an aldehyde?
-CHO
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What is the functional group of a ketone?
-CO
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Why can tertiary alcohols not be oxidised?
They cannot be oxidised since there is no hydrogen on the adjacent carbon that can be lost.
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How do you test for aldehydes?
Add Fehling's solution (Blue --> Red)
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How do you test for ketones?
Add Tollen's solution (colourless --> grey precipitate)
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What is the reaction of esterification catalysted by?
Concentrated sulfuric acid.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the stage of initiation in free radical substitution represent?

Back

Homolytic bond fission.

Card 3

Front

What are the problems with halogenation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain the bond strength of haloalkanes.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why is the carbon of the carbon-halogen bond of an haloalkane susceptible to attack from a nucleophile?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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