7.1 (a) - Organic compounds and their reactions. PART 1- ALKANES
- Created by: Sam Pennington
- Created on: 13-04-13 15:39
(a)- Write displayed, shortened and skeletal structural formulae of simple alkanes, alkenes, halogenoalkanes, primary alcohols and carboxylic acids given their systematic names and vice-versa.
In organic chemistry, one molecular formula may represent more than one organic compound. The formula C5H12 may represent more than one hydrocarbon - pentane, 2-methylbutane, 2,2-dimethylpropane.
Topic 7.1 (a) requires some knowledge of the systematic names of organic compounds. A brief introduction to nomenclature is necessary.
Nomenclature
Because there are so many organic compounds, we have to devise a way of naming them that leaves no ambiguity. Many organic compounds have been known for a long time and have trivial names that pre-date systematic nomenclature.
Acetic acid, CH3COOH, has the systematic name ethanoic acid
Acetone, C3H6O, has the sytematic name propanone
Naming Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds have a carbon skeleton. Compounds are named in terms of this carbon skeleton and the individual carbon atoms are assigned a number to identify them.
1 Carbon - Meth
2 Carbon- Eth
3 Carbon - prop
4 Carbon- But
5 Carbon- Pent
After this, the prefixes take the logical names (e.g. hex, hept, oct )
Alkanes
An alkane in which the carbon atoms form a continuous chain is called a straight chain molecule.
Isomers of these straight chains can form with an alkyl (the yl indicates that it branches off a longer chain e.g. methyl, propyl)
Isomer -An isomer is a chemical species with the same number and types…
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