CH2 - Organic compounds

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  • Created by: zopetre_
  • Created on: 01-06-17 12:55

What are the homologous series?

Alkanes - saturated hydrocarbons

Alkenes - unsaturated hydrocarbons

Halogenoalkanes - hydrogen atom replaced by a halogen

Alcohols - -OH as functional group

Carboxylic acids - -COOH as functional group

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What is the code for the carbon atoms?

1 - meth

2 - eth

3 - prop

4 - but

5 - pent

6 - hex

7 - hept

9 - non

10 - dec

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What are the rules for naming organic compounds?

1) Find longest carbon chain and use code for basis of name

2) Number C atoms starting from end with any side chain or functional group

3) More than one side chain/subtituted group use prefix di, tri or tetra

4) Keep alphabetical order 

5) A -CH3 group is methyl, -C2H5 is ethyl

6) Saturated -ane, unsaturated - ene, -OH shown by -ol, halogen shown by halogeno, -COOH shown by -oic acid

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What are the different types of formulae?

Molecular formula: shows how many of each atom there are in a molecule

Displayed formula: shows all atoms, bonds and functional groups

Shortened formula: shows functional group and structure in detail

Skeletal formula: shows functional groups without distraction of chains, carbon backbone kinda thing

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What are homologous series?

A set of compounds that: can be represented by a general formula, differ from their neighbour in the series by CH2, have same functional groups and similar chemical properties, different physical properties as Mr varies

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What is structural isomerism and what are the diff

Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural fomrula

Chain isomerism is when the carbon chain is arranged differently 

Position isomerism is when functional group is in a different position in the molecule

Functional group isomerism is when the functional group is different in the compounds

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What is E-Z isomerism?

Isomerism that occurs in alkenes due to restricted rotation of the double bond

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What is the difference between E and Z isomerism?

E isomerism is when the groups with higher priority are adjacent to eachother, on the same side

Z isomerism is when the groups with higher priority are opposite to eachother

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What effect does chain length have on boiling/melt

As chain length increases the boiling temperature increases due to the increasing Van der Waals forces

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What effect does branching have on boiling tempera

The more branches an isomer has, the more like a sphere it is and the lower its boiling temperature 

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