Alkanes do not react with most chemicals because the C-C bond and the C-H bond is not that polar. Alkanes will react though with things that are not polar (diatomic atoms for example), if you give them enough energy
Halogens do react with alkanes to form haloalkanes. Halogens react with alkanes in photochemical reactions, photochemical reactions start by UV light
A hydrogen atom is substituted (replaced) by a halogen. This is called free-radical substitution reaction. (Free radicals are particles with unpaired electron, you get them when a bond is split equally, they are also highly reactive)
Chlorine and Methane form Chloromethane. The mechanism has 3 stages: Initiation step, propagation step and termination step.
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