(Forbes et al., 2014)
• Damage to the left DLPFC associated with high neuroticism and low conscientiousness
• Neuroticism and conscientiousness potentially rely on a common neural structure
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What is the association between neuroticism and cortical folding of the left DLPFC?
High levels of neuroticism associated with low cortical folding of the left DLPFC (Schultz et al., 2017)
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What did Eijndhoven et al. (2017) study and find?
Structural brain images of 117 participants
• Neuroticism is accompanied by cortico-limbic brain differences
• Higher neuroticism scores were predicted by thinning of the left OFC and a smaller volume of the right amygdala
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Extraversion and Neuroticism and dependent on?
• Position on Extraversion spectrum dependent on cortical arousal
• Position on Neuroticism spectrum dependent on limbic system activity
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What did Eysenck argue about neuroticism?
Since every individual tested fits on the dimension of normality-
to-neuroticism dimension, it is a genetically-based, physiologically-supported dimension of personality
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What is Eysenck's Ascending Reticular Activating System?
represents a neuroanatomical structure ascending from the brain stem to cortical regions
Genetic components not clear cut for Neuroticism in comparison to Extraversion
‘Arousal’ not clear-cut
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What did Hsu et al. (2018) study and find?
810 young participants used to generate networks of brain areas and activation patterns.
activation patterns be used to predict scores on openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism
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What three neurological systems did Gray (1981) propose that underlaid personality?
behavioral approach system (BAS)
behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
instinctive Fight-Flight-Freeze (FFS)
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What is the behavioural approach system?
underlying system for impulsivity
• Signals impending reward
• Triggers approach behaviour
• Associated with positive emotions
• Involves the medial forebrain bundle and the lateral
hypothalamus
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What is the behavioural inhibition system?
underlying neurological system for anxiety
• Signals punishment
• Triggers inhibition and withdrawal from threat
• Associated with negative emotions
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Is there evidence for Gray's theory?
• Revelle et al. (1980)
• moderate doses of caffeine hindered the performance of introverts and helped
the performance of extraverts on a cognitive task
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define additive genetic variance
Additive variation is the total effect on a trait stemming from one or more gene loci. Each locus contributes to the trait in a measurable way.
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define dominant genetic variance
Certain genes are expressed and others aren’t (e.g. attached earlobes is an recessive gene and you’d need one copy from M and F to express it).
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define epistatic genetic variance
Genes and environment can interact and particular genes are only expressed in specific circumstances.
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What did Riemann et al. (1997) find?
Heritability = 2 x difference
between MZ twin correlation rate & DZ twin correlation rate
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What % of genetic influences account for variability in personality?
40-55%
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Brain injury can induce personality change?
Back
(Forbes et al., 2014)
• Damage to the left DLPFC associated with high neuroticism and low conscientiousness
• Neuroticism and conscientiousness potentially rely on a common neural structure
Card 3
Front
What is the association between neuroticism and cortical folding of the left DLPFC?
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