Bacteriology

?
The three domains are
Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea
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Where do extreme halophiles live?
High saline
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Where to extreme thermophiles live?
High temperature
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Who concluded that many prokaryotes classed as bacteria are also closely related to eukaryotes
Carl Woese
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The prokaryotes were classified using what information
rRNA
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How many prokaryotes have been estimated as undiscovered?
99%
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What is the salinity of sea water?
3.5%
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What is Bergey's manual for determinative bacteriology used for?
To class bacteria on their structure and function
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Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology classifies prokaryotes into 27 phyla, ____ in Archaea and ____ in Bacteria
3, 24
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Is Bergey's Manual official, or is it merely a consensus at a given time?
Consensus at a given time
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The initial amino acid start codon, AUG, in Archaea maches _______
Eukaryotes
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The Archaea are currently classed into ____ Phyla
3
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Archaea reproduce by ________, budding or fragmentation
Binary Fission
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The deeply branching bacteria are named because _______
They branched away from the 'tree of life' at a very early age
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Are the deeply branching bacteria autotrophs or heterotrophs
Autotrophs
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The deeply branching bacteria are similar to early life as ________
They live in unusual habitats, hot, cold, acidic etc
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A representitive of the deeply branching bacteria is
Aquifex
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A representative of the deeply branching bacteria is
Deinococcus
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Which bacteria can survive nuclear meltdown?
Deinococcus radiodurans
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Phototrophic bacteria acquire the energy needed for anabolism by __________
Absorbing light with pigments
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Phototrophic bacteria are divided into ______ groups
5
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Cyanobacteria are gram _____ phototrophs that vary in shape, size and method of reproduction
Negative
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Cyanobacter are like plants and algae because they utilise chloryphill a and are ___________
Oxygenic
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Chloroplasts are thought to have originated from __________
Cyanobacteria
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Some cyanobacteria can reduce nitrogen to amonia, this is known as
Nitrogen fixation
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Green and purple bacteria differ from plants, algae and cyanobacteria in ____ ways
2
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Green and purple bacteria use ___________ for photosynthesis
Bacteriochlorophylls
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Cyanobacteria use __________ for photosynthesis
Chlorophyll a
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Which bacteria is anoxygenic?
Green and purple phototrophic bacteria
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This group of phototrophic bacteria include both sulphur and non sulphur forms
Green and purple phototrophic
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Green sulphur bacteria deposit sulphur
Outside cells
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Purple sulphur bacteria deposit sulphur
Inside cells
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Gram positive bacteria are classed on their ______ ratio
G-C
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In the 'Low G-C gram positive bacteria' group, the bacteria are again divided into 3 more groups - mycoplasmas, other low G-C gram positive bacilli and cocci, and _________
Clostridia
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Clostridia _____ form endospores
Can
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Clostridia are famously known for causing: diarrhea, botulism, gangrene and _________
Tetanus
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____________ are obligate anaerobes, that lack cell walls and stain pink under gram stain
Mycoplasmas
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These low c-g gram positive bacteria are pleomorphic because
They lack cell walls
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Most of these species form a fried egg shape
Mycoplasma
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Mycoplasma grow in animals mucous membranes, which means they are associated with
Pneumonia and UTIs
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The 'other' group of the low g-c gram positive bacteria consists of bacilli and cocci, which are significant in _________
Healthcare and Industry
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Bacillus species (B. polymyxa and B lichenformis) can be beneficial as they synthesise ________
Antibiotics
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Anthrax is known as an agent of bioterrorism, it's caused by a 'low g-c gram positive bacteria' known as __________ which produces endospores, which enter the body and germinate
Bacillus anthracis
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Listeria monocytogenes is pathogenic (immunocompromised), and contaminates milk and meat - notable because it can reproduce __________ and can survive inside phagocytic lleukocytes
When refrigerated
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Lactobacillus, used in milk production and also found in the human body, is able to protect the body by creating a situation known as _________
Microbial antagonism
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This low g-c gram positive bacteria is a common inhabitant of the skin, most strains are harmless in the right quantity
Staphylococcus Aureus
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Gram positive bacteria with a high G-C ratio are in the phylum ___________
Actinobacteria
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______________________ are actinobacteria
Corynebacterium
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Corynebacterium are pleomorphic, and reproduce by ____________
Snapping
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C. diphtheriae is
Corynebacterium
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Tuberculosis and leprosy are caused by
High g-c gram positive bacteria
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Mycobacteria grow _________ due to the concentration of long carbon chain waxes in their cell walls
Slowly
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Mycolic acids are found in
Mycobacterium
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Some of these bacteria resemble fungi, with branching filaments and reproductive spores
Actinomyces
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where do extreme halophiles live?

Back

High saline

Card 3

Front

Where to extreme thermophiles live?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Who concluded that many prokaryotes classed as bacteria are also closely related to eukaryotes

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

The prokaryotes were classified using what information

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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