B2.3 What factors increase the risk of heart disease

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  • Created by: sofsdvds
  • Created on: 12-04-16 17:24
Why is the heart a double pump?
The heart is a double pump because the right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to collect oxygen and the left side pumps oxygenated blood around the body.
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Why do heart muscle cells need their own blood supply?
Blood supplies heart muscle cells with oxygen and nutrients to keep it beating continually.
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Describe the function and the structure of the arteries
Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Artery walls are thick, strong and elastic because of the high blood pressure.
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Describe the function and the structure of the veins
Veins carry blood back to the heart. Veins have thin walls, with a bigger lumen and valves to prevent backflow
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Describe the function and the structure of the capillaries
Capillaries are small and close to cells. They have permeable walls which are only one cell thick
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How is heart rate measured?
Heart rate (measured in beats per minute) can be measured by measuring pulse rate (number of times artery pulsates in one minute).
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Describe blood pressure measurements
A blood pressure measurement is given as two numbers, the higher value when the heart is contracting and the lower value when the heart is relaxed
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Why are ‘normal’ measurements given within a range for factors such as heart rate and blood pressure?
‘Normal’ measurements for factors such as heart rate and blood pressure are given within a range because individuals vary
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How does a heart attack happen?
1. High blood pressure damages artery lining. 2. Fatty deposits build up in damaged areas and restrict blood flow increasing blood pressure. 3. A blood clot forms which blocks coronary artery, stopping blood flow to heart muscle causing heart attack
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What two factors can cause heart disease?
Heart disease is usually caused by lifestyle factors and/or genetic factors
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What lifestyle factors that can increase the risk of heart disease?
Poor diet, stress, cigarette smoking and misuse of drugs
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What reduces the risk of developing heart disease?
Regular moderate exercise reduces the risk of developing heart disease
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Compare the prevalence of heart disease in the UK with non-industrialised countries
Heart disease is more common in industrialised countries (e.g. UK) than in non-industrialised countries due to differences in lifestyle factors e.g. poor diet, stress, cigarette smoking and misuse of drugs
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How are factors that can increase the risk of heart disease identified?
Factors that can increase the risk of heart disease are identified via epidemiological and large scale genetics studies
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What increases the risk of heart disease?
High blood pressure increases the risk of heart disease
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How does alcohol affect blood pressure?
Too much alcohol increases blood pressure which increases the risk of heart disease.
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How do drugs affect blood pressure?
Drugs (e.g. ecstasy, cannabis and nicotine) increases heart rate which blood pressure causing an increased risk of heart disease.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why do heart muscle cells need their own blood supply?

Back

Blood supplies heart muscle cells with oxygen and nutrients to keep it beating continually.

Card 3

Front

Describe the function and the structure of the arteries

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe the function and the structure of the veins

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the function and the structure of the capillaries

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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