Attitudes and Behaviour 3

?
what does cognitive dissonance theory focus on, that the theory of planned behaviour does not
attitude/behaviour change
1 of 58
theories of cognitive consistency all agree that people strive for hat
cognitive events, i.e beliefs, attitudes, values to be in harmony/balance
2 of 58
not just _______ but also _______ balance
intra personal, inter personal
3 of 58
Heider came up with what theory
Balance theory
4 of 58
what are the three elements he focus on (with their symbols)
P = perceived, O = other person, X impersonal entity
5 of 58
Balance between elements puts the perceiver in a _______, whereas imbalances creates _________
steady state, unsteady state
6 of 58
how can you achieve balance
attitude or behaviour change
7 of 58
what has been the most influential cognitive consistency model so far
cognitive dissonance theory
8 of 58
who made the theory
Festinger
9 of 58
it states if cognitive elements are imbalanced, what will the individual experimence
dissonance
10 of 58
dissonance is what
psychologically aversive
11 of 58
psychological aversion is motivation for what
attitude/behaviour change
12 of 58
what is the most common example
smoking
13 of 58
dissonance from smoking and knowing it effects health can be changed what 3 ways
attitude change, behaviour change, or adding a consonant element
14 of 58
give an example of a consonant element
life is too short
15 of 58
what was Festingers classic study
Forced compliance study
16 of 58
71 male psychology students believed they were taking part in what type of an experiment
measure of performance on tasks
17 of 58
what type of tasks were they
very dull
18 of 58
for how long
1 hour
19 of 58
afterwards the participants are asked if they want what
tell a new participant that they will really enjoy the experiment
20 of 58
they are then given __ or __
$1 , $20
21 of 58
in the follow up they were asked in they actually enjoyed the study, draw the graph showing the results
...
22 of 58
this evidence went against a lot of what
reinforcement ideologies
23 of 58
how does Festinger explain why the $1 participants said the task was more enjoyable through cognitive dissonance theory
lie > lying is bad > i got $1 > not justifiable > dissonance > attitude change > i enjoyed the task
24 of 58
how does Festinger explain why the $20 participants said the task was less enjoyable through cognitive dissonance theory
lie > lying is bad > i got $20 > justifiable > no dissonance > truth
25 of 58
what two psychologists gave more evidence in favour of the cognitive disonnance theory
Zimbardo et al and Aronson et al
26 of 58
what did zimabardo manipulate
experimenter attractiveness/niceness
27 of 58
what did he then make participants do
eat grasshoppers
28 of 58
what combo of conditions caused dissonance
unattractive experimenter + eating grasshopper
29 of 58
therefore what attitude change did this condition express
they rated using grasshoppers as food higher
30 of 58
Aronson et al invited women to take part in what
discussion group
31 of 58
however to join the group the women had to do what
pass a screening test
32 of 58
what were the conditions of the screening test
neutral, mildly taboo, extremely taboo
33 of 58
the women then took part in the discussion which was very ____
dull
34 of 58
what were the ratings of enjoyment of the discussion from high to low
extremely taboo, mildly taboo, neutral
35 of 58
these 3 studies, high the importance of what 4 features of cognitive dissonance theory
freedom of choice, commitment to the dissonant element, aversive consequences, personal responsibility
36 of 58
however there have been alternative explanations for these findings, name 3
self concept, impression management, self perception
37 of 58
Explain the self concept explanation
dissonance only arises when the individuals behaviour is inconsistent with their self-concept
38 of 58
explain the impression management explanation
society prefers consistency and so we try and give the impression of consitenency
39 of 58
explain the self perception explanation
participants view their behaviour the same way that others view their behaviour and make inferences
40 of 58
self perception also says there is no ______ caused by dissonance
arousal
41 of 58
who gave evidence for arousal from cognitive dissonance
Zanna
42 of 58
Zanna tolds participants there taking part in what type of task
memory
43 of 58
they were then give a drug that was actually a ____
placebo
44 of 58
they were told 1 of what 3 things
1. no effect 2. tense effect 3. positive effects
45 of 58
they were then asked if they wanted to do what
write a counter argument essay against protesting in uni's
46 of 58
they were told 1 of what 2 things
1. you have a choice you can be pro or anti 2. you have to be anti
47 of 58
which combination of conditions gave highest tension
tense effects and you have a choice but anti
48 of 58
this tension is evidence for _____
arousal
49 of 58
this tension/arousal was caused by what
inconsistency
50 of 58
what are a few different perspectives on inconsistency
cultural, individual, not inconsistency itself but its the judgement of inconsistency
51 of 58
what else may change behaviour by causing dissonance
hypocrisy
52 of 58
stone et al believe there are what two important features of hypocrisy
public commitment and mindfulness
53 of 58
how did they manipulate commitment
write a speech about using condoms and get it filmed or write the speech and not filmed
54 of 58
how did they manipulate mindfulness
writing down all times could of used condoms but didn't or nothing
55 of 58
what combo of conditions caused most dissonance
speech and video + writing list
56 of 58
this group did more what
bought more condoms and told future intention to use them
57 of 58
what are 2 major problems with the cognitive dissonance theory
vagueness of inconstancy (i.e smoking could just be idiot) problem of prediction (which one of 3)
58 of 58

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

theories of cognitive consistency all agree that people strive for hat

Back

cognitive events, i.e beliefs, attitudes, values to be in harmony/balance

Card 3

Front

not just _______ but also _______ balance

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Heider came up with what theory

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what are the three elements he focus on (with their symbols)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Social resources »