AS P.E Key Terms
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- Created by: Christopher Melly
- Created on: 29-01-13 11:20
Fitness
The ability to undertake everyday activities without undue fatigue
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Health
A state if physical, social and mental well being, where we are free from disease
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Health-related components of fitness
Those dimensions of fitness that are physiologically based and determine how well a performer can meet the physical demands of an activity
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Skill-related components of fitness
Those elements of fitness that involve the neuro-muscular system and determine how successfully a performer can complete a specific task
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Mitochondria
The site of energy production under aerobic conditions (where oxygen is present)
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Myoglobin
A respiratory pigment that acts as a store of oxygen within the muscle cell
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Slow twitch muscle fibres (Type 1)
Muscle fibres designed to produce energy using oxygen over a long period of time
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Fast twitch muscle fibres (Type 2)
Muscle fibres suited to high intensity anaerobic work.
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Buffering
The body's method of maintaining acceptable levels of blood acidity and reducing the effects of lactic acid
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ATP-PC system
The method by which the body provides the energy required to perform activities that are of very high intensity (such as a 100m sprint)
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Centre of mass (COM)
The point in the body where all the weight tends to be concentrated, signifying that the body is balanced in all directions. In the human body the COM is not fixed and can change depending upon the relative positions of the limbs and body parts.
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Fight or flight response
The biological response of the body that prepares us for emergency action. Faced with danger the body is flooded with the hormones adrenaline, nor-adrenaline and cortisol, gearing us up to either run away from the situation or stand and fight
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Stressors
Situations that are considered stress-provoking
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Smarter goals
Goals we set should be: Specific, Measurable, Agreed, Realistic, Time-framed, Exciting and Recorded
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Coronary heart disease
A narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood with oxygen to the heart (coronary arteries). The narrowing reduces the blood supply to the heart muscles and causes pain known as angina.
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Angina pectoris
Is recurring acute chest pain or discomfort, resulting from decreased blood supply to the heart muscle.
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Arteriosclerosis
A chronic disease in which thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls results in impaired blood circulation.
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Atherosclerosis
A process of progressive thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries as a result of the deposition of fatty deposits on their inner lining.
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Hypertension
Constantly elevated blood pressure - usually where systolic pressure exceeds 140mmHg and diastolic pressure exceeds 90mmHg
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Ergogenic aid
Any substance, ,method or object used by a sports performer with the aim of improving athletic performance
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Glycogen
The stored form of carbohydrate in the body - usually in the muscles and liver. Glycogen is initially converted to glucose to release energy for athletic performance
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Glycaemic index (GI)
A measure of the effect different foods have on blood glucose levels. Foods with a high GI produce a rapid rise in blood glucose, gradually into the bloodstream
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Fatty acids
The body's preferred fuel during endurance-based activity, where there is an abundance of oxygen available
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Electrolytes
Mineral ions in the body which maintain the electrical charge of cell membranes, This maintains the effectiveness of muscle contraction and firing of nerve impulses. Electrolytes can be lost from the body through sweat and replaced by isotonic drinks
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Balanced diet
A diet which contains all seven of the essential nutrients. For a diet to be balanced it needs to be varied, and the more varied your diet, the more likely you are to benefit from all the nutrients you need to optimise performance
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Glycogen loading
The manipulation of an athlete's intake of carbohydrate prior to competition so that muscle glycogen stores increase over and above that which can normally be stored.
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Creatine
A high-energy compound found naturally in the body that provides the body's energy during explosive events such as sprinting. Some athletes enhance their natural sources of creatine found in some foods through creatine monohydrate supplementation
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Obesity
A condition which accompanies over-consumption and an inactive lifestyle. An imbalance between energy intake and expenditure exists which results in an excessive increase in the body's total quantity of fat. Obesity = BMI over 30
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Body mass index
A measure of body composition and widely used indicator of obesity. It is calculated by dividing weight/height
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Biolectric impedance
A test to assess body composition which measures the resistance to an electrical current passed through the body. The higher the reading, the higher the level of body fat as fat does conduct the current effectively
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External respiration
The process of moving respiratory gases into and out of the lungs
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Hering-Breur reflex
A spontaneous response of the lungs that prevents overinflation
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Partial Pressure
The pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases.
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Diffusion
The movement of respiratory gases from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure, until equilibrium is reached
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Mitochondria
Specialised cells in the body's tissues that use the inspired oxygen to produce energy
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Aerobic respiration
The process of energy creation through the oxidation of food fuels. As well as energy, carbon dioxide and water are produced
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A state if physical, social and mental well being, where we are free from disease
Back
Health
Card 3
Front
Those dimensions of fitness that are physiologically based and determine how well a performer can meet the physical demands of an activity
Back
Card 4
Front
Those elements of fitness that involve the neuro-muscular system and determine how successfully a performer can complete a specific task
Back
Card 5
Front
The site of energy production under aerobic conditions (where oxygen is present)
Back
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