Aristotle

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  • Created by: Yssyatik
  • Created on: 28-05-19 16:58
Define Koinonia.
Community or partnership
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Name three other communities we inhabit in life.
Educational life, family life, home life.
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What do all communities have in common?
They seek a common, shared end.
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What is the most fundamental community?
Marriage.
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Explain the farmer/farmerhand analogy.
The master and slave relationship. This is a natural relationship aimed at self-preservation.
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Define Eudaimonia.
Happiness or flourishing.
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Give three other goods which are essential to the community.
Friendship, justice and freedom.
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Each community aims at a good, what is the purpose of the Polis?
The pursuit of the human good.
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What does it mean to flourish?
As a human being, this is to live a life of virtue, both ethically and intellectually.
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What is the main intellectual virtue?
Practical wisdom - Phronesis.
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Define telos.
End goal/purpose.
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Explain the knife analogy.
When describing a knife, you describe its properties. If you do not say its reason for existing, to cut things, Aristotle claims that you are not describing it properly. This is its telos.
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What is the other example Aristotle uses to explain "telos"?
The acorn.
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What is a human's telos?
To be happy.
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How do human's fulfil their telos?
By living a life of virtue.
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How does logos help human's to fulfil their telos?
Nature has given humans reason and speech so that we can discover what is right and wrong, just and unjust.
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Why is it difficult for humans to live a life of virtue?
Flourishing can only happen in the right conditions.
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Explain the acorn flourishing analogy.
Without the right conditions, sunlight, water and soil the acorn cannot fulfil its telos.
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What is the Greek word for City?
The Polis
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What was a city like in Aristotle's time?
It was sovereign over the territory it controlled. It was not subordinate to a state or nation.
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How does Aristotle define the political community?
As a partnership. The citizens of the community are partners in which they pursue a common good.
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What is the purpose of the city?
To help citizens achieve the highest good - virtue and happiness.
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What is an isendoxa?
The majority opinion, Aristotle believes there must be some truth to their claims.
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What does Aristotle conclude about isendoxa?
Political rule is not the same as other types of rule. They are all different.
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What would have been the first partnerships?
1) The male and female, for the purpose of reproduction. 2) The naturally ruling and the ruled, for the sake of preservation.
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Explain the master and slave analogy.
This relationship is beneficial to both parties. It is natural.
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How do the first partnerships expand?
Both the female and male pair and the master and the slave, combine together to form a household. The household exists to meet the needs of life.
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How does the household expand?
By joining with other families to create villages. In the village, people can specialise in skills and participate in a wide variety of tasks because it is large enough.
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How does the village expand?
By combining to form the city. Here humans are able to fulfil their telos by "living well". Life in the city is necessary for anyone who wishes to be completely human.
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Explain Aristotle's analogy of the human body.
Just as a hand is unable to survive on its own without being attached to a functional body, an individual cannot survive without being attached to the city.
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Give the quote from Aristotle that refers to man as a political animal.
"Man is more a political animal than any kind of bee or any herd animal".
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Explain how humans are different to bees.
Like bees humans live in groups. However, nature has given us logos; power of speech and reasons. This is for the purpose of revealing what is just and unjust.
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What are the two kinds of slaves from Aristotle's time?
Those who were enslaved after being defeated in a war and those who were born to slave parents. This made them inferior.
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Why was slavery essential in Aristotle's Greece?
The Greek economy rested on slavery and their contribution was essential to allowing men the leisure time to engage in philosophical thinking.
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Why are there some instances where slaves are being unjustly held?
Those who are defeated in war, might not necessarily be inferior.
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Why should slaves not be released according to Aristotle?
Thos who are slaves by nature, do not have the ability to reason. They are unable to sustain their lives and require from others to be told what to do.
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What does Aristotle refer to slaves as?
Living tools.
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What is a 'natural' slave?
They lack rationality, or full reason.
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What are the two parts of the human psyche or rational soul?
1) The deliberate, controlling part that works out and makes decisions 2) The part that feels and desires and can understand.
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Are women inferior or superior to men?
Inferior.
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What does Aristotle believe about women?
They are naturally inferior, rather than being forced to be subordinate.
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What does Aristotle say about children?
Children are inferior because they are still developing, which is why they still need to be told what to do.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name three other communities we inhabit in life.

Back

Educational life, family life, home life.

Card 3

Front

What do all communities have in common?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the most fundamental community?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Explain the farmer/farmerhand analogy.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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