AQA Biology B1.1: Keeping Healthy

1. Which of the following is not a method by which white blood cells combat pathogens?

Produce and emit flagellites, which begin to break down all constituent amino acids of the bacteria, starting at the flagella
Emit specialised antibodies to destroy the antigens (surface proteins) of the pathogens
Change their shape and ingest the pathogen through surrounding and engulfing it
Produce and emit antitoxins, which counteract the effects of pathogens' toxins. Antitoxins are specialised

1 of 20

Viruses replicate the body's own genetic material, and incorporate this into their own plasmids, and thus effectively become genetically identical to the body, and cannot be identified as harmful foreign bodies
Viruses are more proficiently adapted to infection than bacteria, and thus develop antibiotic resistance to quickly to make use viable
Viruses reside and reproduce within the body's own cells, and thus cannot be easily identified as harmful foreign bodies and inhibited
Viruses do not have antigens (surface proteins), and thus their protein composition cannot be fragmented by antibiotics

Dead or inactive forms of the relevant pathogen are injected into the patient. The patient's white blood cells then respond by learning and emitting the appropriate antibodies and antitoxins, remembering these for the future
Dead or inactive forms of the relevant pathogen pass into the body's blood vessels; the body's pores and epithelial tissues then develop preventative mucuses and acidic compounds that will trap and kill these pathogens in the future
The vaccine contains no pathogens, but does contain enzymes that catalyse and improve leukocytic protein synthesis; this means that white blood cells become stronger, and can produce more effective antibodies and antitoxins
The vaccine contains raw antibodies, antitoxins, and, in certain cases, additional white blood cells, that are then stored by the body, for immediate release if the corresponding pathogens enter the body. Leukocytes must match antigenic composition

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »

See all Healthy living resources »