AQA Psychology- Unit 3

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1. What did Dapretto suggest?

  • There can be applications to autism. Autistic people have less MN activity so could be taught imitation skills to enhance activity
  • After studying neuron actvity in epicilectic people through an internal electrode, 34 MNs were found, as well as multiple different types
  • MNs are a myth, all research carried out regarding them have been highly subjective or carried out on monkeys
  • The idea of MNs is a behaviouristic approach, there is a difference between understanding what others are thinking and actually experiencing it
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2. What are the stages Piaget proposed and the ages for each?

  • 1) Sensorimotor (0-2), 2) Pre- operational (2-7), Concrete operational (7-11), formal operational (11+)
  • 1) Sensorimotor (3), 2) Pre- operational (5), Concrete operational (6), formal operational (7+)
  • Gender labelling(2-3), gender stablity(4), gender consistency (6)
  • Gender labelling(0-2), gender stablity(2-7), gender consistency (7-11)

3. What did Gokhale find?

  • Practice is a more important factor, pre-operational children could be taught logical skills
  • Practice is not important, it only helps when biologically ready, shown by both 10 year olds and 17 year olds taught conservation words but only 17 year olds improved
  • Collaborative learning leads to an improvement in the ability to take part in critical thinking tasks
  • Successful scaffolding is dependant on contingent regualtions

4. What did Savage and Rumbaugh find?

  • Papua New Guinea- basic counting system- limited cognitive development
  • Chimps showed cognitive development, challenging Vygotsky
  • - Children performed better on complex puzzle tasks with scaffolding than alone
  • children who couldn’t conserve, taught comparative language but didn't improve
  • Ppts shown drawing with 1 of 2 labels. Drawn differently depending on label. Showing language is important

5. What did McGarrigle and Donaldson find?

  • Mountain study, only at aged 7 were children not egocentric
  • Suggested children didn't understand the conservation task because they couldn't apply context to it so they introduced 'naughty teddy' and there was a 70% success rate of 4-6 year olds
  • Police/naughty boy study, 90% success rate at aged 3.5-5 suggesting that Piaget underestimated abilities
  • Police/naughty boy study, 90% success rate at aged 3.5-5 suggesting that Piaget underestimated abilities
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