Carrot study, babies aged 6 months, showed object permenance (challenging the ages of the stages)
Mountain study, only at aged 7 were children not egocentric
Suggested children didn't understand the conservation task because they couldn't apply context to it so they introduced 'naughty teddy' and there was a 70% success rate of 4-6 year olds
Police/naughty boy study, 90% success rate at aged 3.5-5 suggesting that Piaget underestimated abilities
8. What did Gokhale find?
Collaborative learning leads to an improvement in the ability to take part in critical thinking tasks
Practice is not important, it only helps when biologically ready, shown by both 10 year olds and 17 year olds taught conservation words but only 17 year olds improved
Successful scaffolding is dependant on contingent regualtions
Practice is a more important factor, pre-operational children could be taught logical skills
9. What did Ballergeon and DeVos find?
Suggested children didn't understand the conservation task because they couldn't apply context to it so they introduced 'naughty teddy' and there was a 70% success rate of 4-6 year olds
Mountain study, only at aged 7 were children not egocentric
Carrot study, babies aged 6 months, showed object permenance (challenging the ages of the stages)
Police/naughty boy study, 90% success rate at aged 3.5-5 suggesting that Piaget underestimated abilities
10. What did Bryant and Trabesso find?
Successful scaffolding is dependant on contingent regualtions
Practice is a more important factor, pre-operational children could be taught logical skills
Collaborative learning leads to an improvement in the ability to take part in critical thinking tasks
Practice is not important, it only helps when biologically ready, shown by both 10 year olds and 17 year olds taught conservation words but only 17 year olds improved
11. What did Baron Cohen find?
3yr/o look in box (incorrect) and 4 yr/o look in basket (correct)
5mth olds knew what their legs were doing, showing they had subjective self awareness
Studied Downs syndrome children vs autistic children and found ToM not related to IQ
19% of 15mths touch nose compared to 66% of 25mths
6-12 mth/o = thought someone was in the mirror, 13-24 mths looked curious and 24+ recognised themselves
12. What did Gopnick suggest?
The idea of MNs is a behaviouristic approach, there is a difference between understanding what others are thinking and actually experiencing it
There can be applications to autism. Autistic people have less MN activity so could be taught imitation skills to enhance activity
MNs are a myth, all research carried out regarding them have been highly subjective or carried out on monkeys
After studying neuron actvity in epicilectic people through an internal electrode, 34 MNs were found, as well as multiple different types
13. What did Borg suggest?
There can be applications to autism. Autistic people have less MN activity so could be taught imitation skills to enhance activity
The idea of MNs is a behaviouristic approach, there is a difference between understanding what others are thinking and actually experiencing it
MNs are a myth, all research carried out regarding them have been highly subjective or carried out on monkeys
After studying neuron actvity in epicilectic people through an internal electrode, 34 MNs were found, as well as multiple different types
14. What did Dapretto suggest?
The idea of MNs is a behaviouristic approach, there is a difference between understanding what others are thinking and actually experiencing it
There can be applications to autism. Autistic people have less MN activity so could be taught imitation skills to enhance activity
MNs are a myth, all research carried out regarding them have been highly subjective or carried out on monkeys
After studying neuron actvity in epicilectic people through an internal electrode, 34 MNs were found, as well as multiple different types
15. What did Bahrick and Watson find?
3yr/o look in box (incorrect) and 4 yr/o look in basket (correct)
6-12 mth/o = thought someone was in the mirror, 13-24 mths looked curious and 24+ recognised themselves
5mth olds knew what their legs were doing, showing they had subjective self awareness
19% of 15mths touch nose compared to 66% of 25mths
Studied Downs syndrome children vs autistic children and found ToM not related to IQ
16. What did Carmichael find?
Papua New Guinea- basic counting system- limited cognitive development
Ppts shown drawing with 1 of 2 labels. Drawn differently depending on label. Showing language is important
- Children performed better on complex puzzle tasks with scaffolding than alone
children who couldn’t conserve, taught comparative language but didn't improve
17. What did Hughes find?
Mountain study, only at aged 7 were children not egocentric
Police/naughty boy study, 90% success rate at aged 3.5-5 suggesting that Piaget underestimated abilities
Suggested children didn't understand the conservation task because they couldn't apply context to it so they introduced 'naughty teddy' and there was a 70% success rate of 4-6 year olds
Carrot study, babies aged 6 months, showed object permenance (challenging the ages of the stages)
18. What did Hughes find?
Children with sensory impairments, show delays in ToM, showing interdependance of the stages
Police/naughty boy study, 90% success rate at aged 3.5-5 suggesting that Piaget underestimated abilities
autistic kids could do the mountain task but not sally Anne
Autistic children understand intentions.. ToM separate to intelligence
19. What are the 4 things Mirror neurons have been linked to?
