Anatomy & Physiology

?
What is the role of Plasma in the Blood?
To transport dissolved substances such as; nutrients, hormones and proteins
1 of 44
What does Plasma Carry?
1.Water
2.Salt
3.Enzymes
2 of 44
What are the 5 functions of blood?
1. Transport
2. Temperature Regulation
3. Preventing Infection
4.Exchange of Materials in Body Tissue
5. Blood Clotting
3 of 44
Why is it important for the blood to transport elements around the body?
To ensure the body is receiving the elements required for life. This is mainly from the digestive system to the tissues or storage
4 of 44
What is the role of lipoproteins?
Lipoproteins help transport elements that cannot be dissolved in water such as fat
5 of 44
What are the features of High Density Lipoproteins?
1. Prevents or reverses fat deposits
2. Good Cholesterol
6 of 44
What are the features of Low Density Lipoproteins?
1. Deposits fats and cholesterol in the walls of the arteries
2. Bad Cholesterol
7 of 44
What gases does blood transport?
1. Oxygen
2. Carbon Dioxide
8 of 44
What Protein is in Red blood cells? When mixed with oxygen it produces a bright red substance called...
1.Haemoglobin
2. Oxyhaemoglobin
9 of 44
What are the 5 Key words for Temperature regulation?
1. Endothermic
2. Internal Body Temperature
3. Hypothalamus
4. Vasodilation
5. Vasoconstriction
10 of 44
What is the definition of endothermic?
The process accompanied by or require heat absorption.
11 of 44
What is the definition of Internal Body Temperature?
The temperature of the bodies internal organs. Ranging from 36.5 and 37.4
12 of 44
What is the definition of Hypothalamus?
Coordinates the activity of the pituitary gland, controlling body temperature, thirst and hunger
13 of 44
What is the definition of Vasodilation?
Widening of blood vessels to allow more blood flow and heat to escape the skin
14 of 44
What is the definition of Vasoconstriction?
Narrowing of blood vessels to allow less blood flow and heat to retain heat
15 of 44
What is a Pathogen?
Bacteria, Virus or Microorganism that causes disease
16 of 44
What is the process when a Pathogen enters the body?
1. Pathogen Enters the body. 2. Bacteria and parasites are recognised as threat by the cells such as neutrophil and B-type lymphocytes. 3. These act as Antigens and form proteins called Antibodies. 4. Antibodies lock onto chemicals in the walls of bacteri
17 of 44
What happens on the right side of the heart?
Receives blood returning from the tissues and send to the lungs to drop off Carbon dioxide and pick up Oxygen
18 of 44
What happens on the left side of the heart?
Receives Oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it off round the body again to the tissues
19 of 44
Where is the Systemic circuit?
Around the body
20 of 44
Where is the Pulmonary circuit?
To and from the Lungs
21 of 44
What are the 2 phases in the cardiac cycle?
Diastole and Systole
22 of 44
What happens during the Diastole phase?
Diastole is when the heart is relaxed and fills with blood
23 of 44
What happens during the Systole phase?
The Systole phase is when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the heart and to the arteries
24 of 44
How is back flow prevented in the heart?
The semi-lunar valves snap shut
25 of 44
What is the Hearts pumping and filling is controlled by?
An electrical control
26 of 44
What are the 2 nodes called in the electrical control?
Sinoatrial and Atroventricular node
27 of 44
What does the SA node do to help control the cardiac cycle?
1. When the SA node is triggered it sends a wave of current which spreads to the atria causing them to contract. 2. The fibrous tissue between the atria and ventricles contains the current and stops the spread.
28 of 44
What does the AV node do to help control the cardiac cycle?
1. The AV node slows down the current allowing the ventricles to fill up
29 of 44
How do the ventricles contract after the AV nodes slow the current?
1. The current is carried between the ventricles through the bundle of his and splits into 2 branches called the purkinje fibres. 2. This causes the ventricles to contract. 3. This results in blood being pushed through the arteries.
30 of 44
What test can we perform to monitor electrical activity within the heart?
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
31 of 44
How do we perform an ECG?
Electrodes are attached to the chest and the results are fed back to a computer screen or printer
32 of 44
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
1.Right Ventricle
2. Right Atrium
3. Left Atrium
4. Left Ventricle
33 of 44
What are the characteristics of the Right ventricle?
Receives blood from right atrium via atrioventricular valve or tricuspid valve.
34 of 44
What are the characteristics of the Left ventricle?
Receives blood from left atrium. Pumps blood through the semilunar valve into the aorta.
35 of 44
What are the characteristics of the Right Atrium?
Receives blood from superior and inferior vena cava and passes blood to right ventricle
36 of 44
What are the characteristics of the Left Atrium?
Collects blood from right and left pulmonary veins and empties it into the left ventricle. The bicuspid valve/ mitral valve separates left atrium from left ventricle
37 of 44
Starting at the Inferior Vena Cava what journey does the Deoxygenated blood take to the lungs?
Deoxygenated Blood enters the heart through the Inferior Vena Cava into the Right Atrium. As the Atrium Contracts blood flows through the Tricuspid Valve into the Right Ventricle. As the Ventricle contracts deoxygenated blood is pumped through the Pulmona
38 of 44
Starting at the lungs what journey does the Oxygenated blood take before entering the body again?
The Pulmonary Vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the Left Atrium. As the Atrium contracts oxygenated blood travels through the Bicuspid valve to the Left Ventricle. When the ventricle contracts the oxygenated blood travels through the Aortic
39 of 44
What is a stroke?
1. The blood supply is cut off to the brain
2. Stops oxygen and nutrients reaching the brain
3. Damages or kills brain cells and stops parts of the brain from working properly
40 of 44
What is a Ischaemic Stroke?
1. A blockage
2. Cerebral Thrombosis is a blood clot in an artery to the brain
3. Cerebral Embolism is an air bubble of globule fat carried to the brain causing a blockage
41 of 44
What is a Haemorrhagic stroke?
1. A bleed
2. Intracerebral Haemorrhage is a blood vessel that has burst in the brain
3. Subarachnoid Haemorrhage is a blood vessel burst in the space between the brain and skull
42 of 44
What are the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
1. Dropping eyes, mouth, arms and legs
2. Blurred Vision
3. Slurred speech
4. Confusion
5. Weakness, Numbness or Paralysis
6. Loss of Consciousness
7. Dizziness
8. Sudden Severe Headache
43 of 44
How can a stroke affect someone?
1. Eating and Drinking
2. Continence
3. Communication
4. Memory
5. Behaviour
6. Changes in mood
7. Changes in personality
44 of 44

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does Plasma Carry?

Back

1.Water
2.Salt
3.Enzymes

Card 3

Front

What are the 5 functions of blood?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why is it important for the blood to transport elements around the body?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the role of lipoproteins?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Health & Social Care resources:

See all Health & Social Care resources »See all Anatomy and physiology in practice resources »