Adrenal Glands

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  • Created by: Esme.B
  • Created on: 23-10-17 12:25
List one examples of an endocrine gland?
Adrenal Glands
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List the two main region layers of the Adrenal Glands.
1. Outer adrenal cortex 2. Inner adrenal medulla
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List the 3 main layers of the adrenal cortex
1. Zona Glomerulosa-outermost layer(secretes mineralocorticoids i.e: aldosterone) 2. Zona Fasciculata-middle layer (secretes Glucocorticoids i.e.:cortisol) 3. Zona reticularis-innermost layer (Secrete precursor molecules to make sex hormones)
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Where is the adrenal medulla found+ what does it secrete?
1. found at the centre of the adrenal gland. 2. secrets=adrenaline +noradrenaline
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What type of hormone does the adrenal cortex produce?
Adrenal cortex uses cholesterol to produce a range of hormones= STEROID HORMONES
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Function of Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)-Zona Glomerulosa
1.contorl Conc Na+/k+ ions in blood.2.maintain blood pressure3.Aldosterones acts on cells of distal tubules+collecting ducts in kidneys-increases absorption of Na+ ions/decrease absorption of k+ions/increases water retention=increasing blood pressure
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Function of Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)- Zona Fasciculata
1. control metabolism of carbs+fats+proteins in liver. 2.Cortisol released response to stress+low blood glucose levels=stimulates production of glucose from stored compounds,i.e-glycogen+fats+proteins in liver
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What occurs when the correct enzyme is not present in the zona reticularis to realise Cortisol?
1. Zona reticularis releases precursor androgens into blood=taken up by ovaries+testes and converted into sex hormones. 3. sex hormones= develop secondary sexual characteristics+regulate production of gametes.
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List two examples of sex hormones?
1. Testosterone: Male 2. Oestrogen: Female
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List three features of Adrenaline
1. polare molecule 2. derived from amino acid tyrosine 3. Cannot enter cells via plasma membrane.
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Why are the adrenal medulla and cortex well supplied with blood vessels?
Both tissues are endocrine tissues. They secrete hormones directly into the blood.
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What is the difference between hormones released by the adrenal cortex and hormones released by the adrenal medulla?
The hormones released by the cortex=steroid hormones.-dissolve in a cell membrane+enter cells by simple diffusion. Adrenaline released from the medulla is a derivative of an amino acid+cannot pass through a cell membrane by simple diffusion
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Describe how steroid hormones cause the production of enzymes in their target cell
They bind to a receptor in the cells cytoplasm and are transported into the nucleus. Once in the nucleus they act directly on the DNA to stimulate synthesis of mRNA and proteins (transcription and translation)
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Explain how increasing heart rate and stroke volume prepares the body for activity.
More blood is pumped from the heart with each beat (SV) and there are more beat per minute. More blood flowing around the body per minute transports more oxygen and glucose to the muscles enabling more activity.
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Explain why adrenaline causes an increase in blood glucose levels.
Role of adrenaline=prepare the body for activity. tissues (especially the muscles) = use more energy. Energy is supplied via the respiration of glucose, as more glucose is used the blood glucose Conc= fall.More glucose needed to replace.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

List the two main region layers of the Adrenal Glands.

Back

1. Outer adrenal cortex 2. Inner adrenal medulla

Card 3

Front

List the 3 main layers of the adrenal cortex

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where is the adrenal medulla found+ what does it secrete?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What type of hormone does the adrenal cortex produce?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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