ACE2034: Lecture 1 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyLecture 1UniversityNone Created by: LMoneyCreated on: 10-05-14 12:29 what are some examples of a system needing to recognise challenges as foreign or not foreign to itself? 1) Genetically related sponge colonies, 2) Plants (self-pollinating, cross-pollinating), 3) pregnancy 1 of 15 What are the stages of infection? 1) invasion 2) multiplication 3) establishment- spread 4) pathogenesis (production of disease) 2 of 15 what are physical barriers to pathogens in the body? 1) skin and mucosa 2) cilia 3) mucus 3 of 15 where is mucus found? 1) epithelial cells of the gut 2) respiratory tract 3) genito-urinary (GU) tract 4 of 15 what are the biochemical and chemical barriers to pathogens in the body? 1) acids (HCl in stomach, Lactic and proprionic acid in vagina) 2) fatty acids (sebaceous glands) 3) lysozyme 5 of 15 where is lysozyme found? 1) sweat 2) tears 3) other secretions 6 of 15 for which pathogens is the port of entry the skin? 1) hookworms 2) schistosoma 3) warts 7 of 15 for which pathogens is the port of entry mucosa? 1) rhinovirus (nasal epithelium) 2) influenze virus (upper respiratory tract) 3) salmonella spp (small intestine) 4) Neisseria gonorrhea (vagina, urethra) 8 of 15 how can pathogens enter the body through damaged skin/mucosa? 1) burns 2) cuts and wounds 3) insect bites 4) animal bites 5) human behaviour 9 of 15 how is pathogenesis caused? 1) secretion of toxins 2) endotoxins 3) direct killing of host cells 4) physical blockage 5) non-pathogen specific responses 10 of 15 how do exotoxins act? 1) bind to molecules on host cell, 2) enter host cell, 3) kill it 11 of 15 what part of the pathogen do endotoxins usually come from? cell wall 12 of 15 how to endotoxins act? 1) shed endotoxin 2) binds to receptor of certain host cells 3)stimulate host to produce products that damage other host cells & tissue 13 of 15 what is an example of a kind of cell that endotoxins might target? macrophages 14 of 15 what are some example of how exotoxins act? 1) inhibition of protein synthesis 2) increase in cAMP 3) neurotoxins 4) enzymes that disrupt cell wall 5) super antigens 15 of 15
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