BIOL120 Part 1
- Created by: Paul
- Created on: 14-01-17 17:40
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- BIOL120 - Biochemistry & Cell biology
- Lecture 1 - Biomacromolecules
- Polypeptides
- linear - alpha amino acids - peptide bonds
- Nucleic acid polymers
- linear -phosphodister links
- Polysaccharides
- linear/branched - homo-/heteropolymer - monosaccharides - glycosidic links
- All formed from condensation reactions
- Polypeptides
- Lecture 2 - lipids and membranes
- Fatty acids
- Amphipathic carboxylic acids - long hydrocarbons - may be unsaturated
- Triacylglycerols
- Storage of lipids - 3 fatty acids join to a glycerol - ester links
- Phospholipids
- Membrane protein - phosphate and diacylglycerol
- membrances are asymmetric
- Fatty acids
- Lecture 3 - origins of eukaryotic cells
- Chimeric
- host cells occupided by an endosimbiant (mitochondria)
- host cells were archaea
- endosymbiant cells were of bacterial origin
- eukaryotic cells arose via symbiosis
- between archaea and bacteria
- Chimeric
- Lecture 4 - Eukaryotic cell structure
- Prokaryotic cells are simplier than Euk cells
- Membranes self assemble
- Eukaryotic cells compartmentalise their cells into organelles of specific functioin
- cells have specific function
- Antiporter, Symporter, Uniporter
- Lecture 5 - Mitochondria and chloroplasts
- Mitochondria have many features which reflect their origin
- Mito-related organelles share structural features
- Mitosomes
- Vestigial mitochondria which retain limited proteone
- No ATP Genetaton
- Plastids
- Chloroplasts
- arise from endosimbiants - cynobacteria
- Mitochondrial DNA contains no Histone proteins
- Lecture 6 - Origins of complexity
- Eukaryotic cells are more complex on a cellular level and above
- Prokaryotic cells are limited by SA/V ration and chemiosmotic coupling
- MItochondria and plastids allow fine control of ETC in indiviual organisms
- Because of small genome
- This limits the reactive oxygen species production
- H2O2
- Embryogenesis
- Plants
- Inital asymmetic division
- apical cel - embryo via clevagel
- basal cell - suspension via anchor
- Animals
- Mitosis
- No growth
- Clevage
- Plants
- Lecture 7 - cytoskeleton and mobility
- Involved in:
- cell to cell interaction
- Cell division
- Cell polarity
- Motility
- Support
- Comprised of:
- Microfilaments
- Actin filaments
- very labile - cell movement
- Actin filaments
- Microtubles
- alpha and beta tubulin heterodimers
- homologous but not identical
- alpha tublin binds to GTP
- Beta tublin hydrolyses GTP to GDP + Pi
- Growth of the centrosome, also tracks chromosome segregation
- alpha and beta tubulin heterodimers
- Intermediate filaments
- Dynein and Kinesin
- 'Walk' along the microtibules
- ATP Dependent
- Movement of cargo
- Dynein and Kinesin
- Microfilaments
- Cell movement
- cell polarity (-/+)
- interactions with substrate
- cytoskeleton
- chemotaxis
- Involved in:
- Lecture 8 - cell communication
- Organisms must have a communication system
- Short and long range
- Various types of extracellular receptor molecules sense signalling molecules
- Linked to signal transduction pathway e.g. ion channels and secondary messengers
- Lecture 1 - Biomacromolecules
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