A Level Geography- Topic 2A Globalisation

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Globalisation
The process of creating networks of connections among multi-continental distances medicated through a variety of flows of people, information, ideas, capital and goods.
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Capital
The transfer of production resources and the flow of money for investment, trade or production.
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Deregulation
The removal of restrictions on the movement of capital.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
A government/ large company investment into the physical capital or assets of foreign enterprises.
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Repatriation of profits
The process where profits made by companies abroad are returned to the home country.
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Aid
Financial support for poorer countries mainly from richer countries (multinational aid/ bilateral agreement/ emergency aid).
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Remittance payments
Transfer of money paid to workers in foreign countries back home to their family, boosting the economy of the recipient country.
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Labour
A human resource available in the economy which has become more mobile with global migration.
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Products
Tangible articles manufactured for sale where containerization has made the flow of goods easier.
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Services
The provision of a service rather than goods that can locate anywhere due to improved flows, information & capital.
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Information
Wide ranging concepts that involves the transfer of cultural ideas, language, technology and design that's been helped by digitization.
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Global marketing
A process operating across one market for global companies as a recognizable brand that's established globally.
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Global value chains
When stages of production are located in different parts of the world.
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World Bank
An organisation that promotes global investment and provides certain loans particularly to developing countries.
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International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Stabilizes international exchange rates and monitors the global economy to encourage international trade growth.
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World Trade Organisation (WTO)
Aims to cut trade barriers that prevents countries from trading freely so that goods can flow more easily.
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G8
The group of 8 represents 65% of the world's trade and meets annually to discuss economic development.
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G20
Includes the finance leaders of the G8+5 and representatives of the IMF and World Bank to discuss the global economy and methods to encourage economic growth.
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Offshoring
When a company's processes are overseas to take advantage of the lower operation costs.
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Fairtrade
A social movement aimed at helping producers in developing countries who have little market influence and are in the hands of TNCs to achieve better terms of trade.
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Transatlantic Trade & Investment Partnership
A bilateral agreement between the USA and the EU involving free-trade.
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Vertical intergration
An industry where one company either owns/ controls multiple stages in the production & distribution chain.
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Horizontal intergration
Improving the links between different firms in the same stage of production.
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Global governance
A process of cooperative leadership whereby agreements that impact national governments are agreed.
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The 'Great Firewall'
An online censorship system created in the late 90s that blocks access to foreign websites by filtering keywords.
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The 'Golden Shield'
A system of domestic surveillance set up in 1998 by the Ministry of Public Security that can lead to fines, arrests, lawsuits &dismissals.
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Alibaba.com
A Chinese e-commerce company that boosts the Chinese manufacturing sector and connects exporters to businesses in 190+ countries.
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'Terms of trade'
The cost of goods that a country has to impact, compared with the price at which they can sell the good they export.
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Trading blocs
Acts as support of free trade between major countries without incurring tariffs or charges.
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Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Raises awareness of sustainable methods of palm oil production (environmental responsibility/ responsible conservation/ responsible development of new plantings).
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Global governance
Sum of many way individuals and institutions (public & private) manage their global affairs.
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Norms
The traditional values and customs that governs an individual's behaviour as they're unspoken/ widely understood (subjective to culture).
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Jurisdictional gap
The gap between the increasing need for global governance in different areas and the lack of authority to take action.
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Incentive gap
The gap between the need for international cooperation and the motivation to undertake it (financial motivation/ influence of global governance).
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Participation gap
International cooperation remains primarily the affair of governments, leaving civil society groups of the fringe of policy making.
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Global commmons
Those parts of planet that fall outside national jurisdictions to which all nations can access: polar regions, high seas & deep oceans, space, atmostphere.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The transfer of production resources and the flow of money for investment, trade or production.

Back

Capital

Card 3

Front

The removal of restrictions on the movement of capital.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A government/ large company investment into the physical capital or assets of foreign enterprises.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The process where profits made by companies abroad are returned to the home country.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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