3.4.5

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Canadian Tar Sands = economic/environmental problems
-largest reserves in Canada and Venezuela
-between 2000 & 2005, oil prices and demand rose - the industry spent $86 billion to exploit frontier hydrocarbons like tar sands
-by 2030, companies such as BP & Shell aim to produce 5 million barrels a day
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Canadian Tar Sands = economic/environmental problems (2)
-economic problems: expensive, costs $15 a barrel to extract bitumen from tar sands
-environmental problems: methods of extraction can be damaging to the environment
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Carbon Capture & Storage = technological problems
-CCS can involves capturing CO2 and preventing it from entering the atmosphere by storing it deep underground
-requires a lot of technological equipment, which can often only be afforded by HICs (e.g. USA)
3 of 13
Hybrid Cars = economic problems
-these emit considerably less CO2 than petrol/diesel engines, and are subject to lower tax bills & fuel costs
-however, they are extremely expensive to purchase and maintain: so not accessible to everyone
4 of 13
Nuclear power = economic/environmental problems
-case study: Hinkley Point C, Somerset
-provides low carbon energy to 6 million homes while offsetting 9 million tonnes of CO2 a year
-high cost: Hinkley Point C cost £20 billion alone
-environmental problems: meltdown is a dangerous threat
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Oil Spills = environmental problems
-case study: Deepwater Horizon spill 2010
-11 deaths, 206 million gallons of oil released into ocean, 88,522 sq. miles of sea closed to fishing
-killed thousands of mammals & seas turtles, and over a million birds: causing ecosystem collapse, possibly nev
6 of 13
Fracking = environmental problems
-case study: Blackpool 2018
-affected drinking water quality and caused minor earth tremors
-two small earth tremors (magnitude 1.5 and 2.2) have hit Blackpool, which scientists have described as 'induced earthquakes due to human activity
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Fracking = environmental problems (2)
-fracking in the US has revolutionised the energy industry, but has prompted concerns: it uses large amounts of water that must be transported at great environmental cost. Also, carcinogenic chemicals used in fracking can potentially contaminate groundwat
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Fuel & Wood deforestation = environmental problems
-90% of Africans rely on wood as their main fuel source (e.g. Burkina Faso & Niger)
-soil becomes exposed when trees are removed, exposing nutrients and resulting in soil erosion
-large scale deforestation is a major factor contributing to global warming
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Conflict = political problems
-case study: Gulf War 1990
-2 oil spills in the 70s caused oil prices to soar (up to $40 a barrel), but this later fell back down when demand lagged (around $21 a barrel)
-some industries (e.g. airlines) were hard hit: trans Atlantic travel fell by 50%
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Conflicts = political problems (2)
-case study: Suez Canal Crisis 1956
-the Suez Canal is an important man-made waterway for trade ships
-President of Egypt, Nasser, seized the important waterway and began charging for passage, resulting in military action from Israel, Britain and France
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Piracy = political problems
-case study= Gulf of Oman 2019
-two oil tankers were attacked by pirates, leaving one tanker ablaze
-this occurred in the world's busiest oil trading route: the Strait of Hormuz
-Iran was displaying 'hostile behaviour' towards US troops
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Pipeline problems = political problems
-case study = Nord Steam 2
-transports gas from Russia to Germany, controlled by Russian company Gaz Prom
-people argue that the money spent here should have been invested into renewable, and has also given Russia too much control of Germany
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

-economic problems: expensive, costs $15 a barrel to extract bitumen from tar sands
-environmental problems: methods of extraction can be damaging to the environment

Back

Canadian Tar Sands = economic/environmental problems (2)

Card 3

Front

-CCS can involves capturing CO2 and preventing it from entering the atmosphere by storing it deep underground
-requires a lot of technological equipment, which can often only be afforded by HICs (e.g. USA)

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

-these emit considerably less CO2 than petrol/diesel engines, and are subject to lower tax bills & fuel costs
-however, they are extremely expensive to purchase and maintain: so not accessible to everyone

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

-case study: Hinkley Point C, Somerset
-provides low carbon energy to 6 million homes while offsetting 9 million tonnes of CO2 a year
-high cost: Hinkley Point C cost £20 billion alone
-environmental problems: meltdown is a dangerous threat

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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