According to Sir John Fortesque, a king's duty was 'to maintain the peace both outward (wars and foreign invasion) and inward (rebellions and offences against law and order)'.
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How did king's demonstrate their authority?
By showing his military position and by asserting his position as a judge.
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What was the role of a nobleman?
To advise the king, to raise their armies when needed by the king, to keep the king informed and to carry out the king's wishes.
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What was the Great Council?
A large body of around 125 men. It was made of lords from parliament who would advise the king when discussing key matters like war. It could be called at a shorter notice than parliament but this meant that record keeping was not complete.
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What was the Continual Council?
A smaller group of his closest advisers who dealt with everyday governance of the realm. It became more formalised during Richard II's reign.
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What were monarchs criticised for?
For favouring the advice of lesser nobles (e.g. Henry VI), for being dominated by a small group, and for using tax for purposes other than defence.
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Why was the pope significant?
He could grant religious approval of kings (very beneficial). Also, permission was needed if a king wanted to marry a blood relation (papal dispensations made these relationships legal) - it was helpful when Henry VII married Elizabeth of York.
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How did Henry Bolingbroke usurp the throne from his cousin, Richard II?
Henry Bolingbroke had been exiled to France and lost his inheritance. When RII was fighting rebels in Ireland, he returned and seized the throne and was crowned King Henry IV in 1399. Richard was taken prisoner when he returned to defend his crown.
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Why was the usurpation a problem for Henry IV?
It was a problem because it upset the royal line of succession and made a mockery of the hereditary claim when there were other claimants to the throne.
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What was the most serious rebellion that Henry IV faced in 1403?
It involved the Welsh rebel Owain Glyndwr and Henry Percy (earl of Northumberland). It was defeated by Henry and Hotspur was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury.
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What was the aim of the Southampton plot?
To kill Henry V and replace him with Edmund Mortimer (earl of March). It may have been encouraged by France as Henry was planning an invasion against them.
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What happened to the people involved?
The earl was informed about the plans late and betrayed the plot to Henry who pardoned him (stayed loyal). The leaders were arrested, imprisoned and executed after confessing. Their heads were displayed to warn others. HV went on to win at Agincourt.
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What were the problems with Henry VII's claims?
The legitimacy was shaky. His mother was a descendant of John of Gaunt from a relationship he had with a mistress. People also thought his dad, Edmund Mortimer, was illegitimate - the blood-uncle of his wife, Margaret Beaufort.
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Why was Lambert Simnel a major threat?
He pretended to be Edward, earl of Warwick and argued that he was the rightful heir. He had significant support from Yorkist sympathisers in Ireland. RIII's sister, Margaret, also showed support by sending 2,000 men. Simnel was then crowned in 1487.
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What happened to the key figures involved?
People with Yorkist connections were arrested, the real earl of Warwick was displayed to end rumours, Yorkist leaders were killed at the Battle of Stoke and Simnel was pardoned and given a job in the palace kitchens.
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Why was Perkin Warbeck a threat in the 1490s?
He claimed to be the younger of the two 'princes in the tower'. He had significant support from pro-Yorkist factions, the French king, Margaret of Burgundy and also the support of James IV who arranged Warbeck's marriage to his cousin, Katherine.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How did king's demonstrate their authority?
Back
By showing his military position and by asserting his position as a judge.
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