Geography Paper 2- Urban Issues and Challenges (Section A) London
- Created by: anjarwright
- Created on: 09-04-18 13:09
14 Urban Change in the UK
Specification Reference: 3.2.1 Urban issues and challenges
Key idea: Urban change in cities in the UK leads to a variety of social, economic and environmental opportunities and challenges
How is the UK population distributed?
· Unevenly distributed
· 82% live in urban areas
· High land regions are sparsely populated
· May change due to immigrants and movement from rural to urban areas
Why did cities grow?
Raw materials near by- Glasgow, Manchester, Leeds
Ports- London, Liverpool, Bristol
Capitals of countries- Edinburgh, Belfast, Cardiff
Position in the country- Birmingham(found in centre of the country)
Political and administrative functions- London
Case Study of major city: LONDON
Location and Importance
· South East of England, on the River Thames (this has been influential)
· Holds the UK government
· Has a global reach due to Gatwick and Heathrow
· Travel hub- 40% increase in journeys made by public transport
· London has the highest tourist spend
· Has the 6th largest economy in the world
· Generates 22% of the UKs GDP
· London is home to 15 of the head offices of the 250 largest companies in the world
· Has a large cultural diversity
· 65% of London’s land is either gardens, public green space or water
Impact of Migration
· London’s population is in a period of growth
Factors of Growth
· Internal migration (has been negative)- migrate into London for work and out of London if have family
· International net migration (always been positive)
· Natural increase (is positive, births>deaths)
Character
· One of the most multicultural places of earth
· Evidence of different races, cultures and languages throughout city
Social and Economic Opportunities
Cultural Mix
Advantages
· It enriches UK culture (food, music, religion)
· Exposure to other religions, cultures, traditions
· Huge cultural events
Challenges
· Integration can be hard
· Economically poor cultural groups are forced to live in poorer areas, separated from everyone else
· Language/ communication issues
Recreation
· Huge cultural attraction e.g. Natural History Museum, National Gallery
· West End and other tourist attractions (Buckingham Palace)
· Sporting events
· Mix of clubs, bars and restaurants
Employment
· Largest contributor to the UK economy
· Major financial centre and home to many different specialisms which attract highly skilled people
· However unemployment rate is one of the highest
Integrated transport system
· Different forms of transport are linked together
· London commuters can use Oyster cards on all forms of public transport- cheap and easy to top up
· Has an intergrade cycle network- Boris Bikes
Environmental Opportunities
Urban Greening
· Increasethe amount of green space- improves quality of life
· Rooftop green spaces…
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