Chinese Civil War
- Created by: jenna howes
- Created on: 15-05-13 12:45
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The Civil War
China's Background
- 1927 - White Terror, Chiang Kai-Shek ended cooperation with the Communists after wiping out the warlords and he massacred the communists. 5-10,000 killed in Shanghai, with other similar massacres throughout China
- Nationalist Rule - single central government, loose federation of independent states, secret police, oppressed their opposition
- 1934 - The Long March, encirclement campaigns made Mao leave Jiangzi, 368 days, 5,000 survived out of 80,000 that left, ended in yan'an
- WW2 - against Japan, good CCP propaganda, GMD were attacking CCP instead of defending China, allowed Mao to develop guerrilla warfare
- 1941 - Nationalist Retreat, the GMD was in control of most of the Chinese coast so the GMD only had control of central, southern and western china.
Causes of the Civil War
- Long term: WW2 began in 1937, low GMD morale, corruption within the military in the GMD, Chiang refused to delegate but could not manage alone
- Short term: China was divided into 4 zones - CCP, GMD, Soviet and Japanese, legacy of conflict between the GMD and CCP, failed attempts at finding a solution
Start of the Civil War
- 1945 George Marshall (USA) sent to China to try and make peace between the two sides
- GMD made autocratic terms to the agreement to leave the CCP powerless
- 1946 war broke out
Phase 1 - early setbacks
- July 46 to May 47
- GMD 'corridor' set up alongside Manchuria
- CCP lost Yan'an but Lin had already moved his troops up to Manchuria
- CCP using guerrilla warfare to isolate GMD cities
- By spring of 49 CCP had control of Manchuria
Phase 2 - seizing the initiative
- May 47 to November 48
- 47 CCP put pressure on GMD with guerrilla warfare
- Ambushes were restricted because the CCP had no air force
- 1948 there was a change to conventional warfare
- April 48 took Luoyang, the start of many successes
- 15th October 48 PLA took Jinzhou…
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