Charles Revision

Charles' Foreign Policy:

-> Charles was shy, with a stammer, and had poor dining etiquette, only talking to a small circle of advisors. 

-> Charles gave patronage to Catholic artist Peter Paul Rubens, designer Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and Inigo Jones architect. 

-> In 1624 Parliament offered £114,000, two subsidies, for war, due to uncertainty of the enemy. 

-> October 1625 - Cadiz expedition, £500,000 in subsidies saved for it, and £120,000 from Queen's dowry. Failed due to discovery of wine in a farmhouse and shortages. 

-> October 1626 Bay of Biscay attack failed with violent storms and rotting supply. 

-> 1627 La Rochelle three pronged attack with Lorraine and Savoy due to Cardinal Richelieu taking English ships to attack Huguenots in 1625. Failed due to short scaling ladders and poor methods of obtaining money. 

John Eliot, 1626: ' Our men are perished, our honour ruined, not by the enemy...'

John Felton criticised Buckingham, working with him at Cadiz, and after remonstrance assassinated him, and was hanged in November 1628.

Treaty of Souza - April 1629. 

Treaty of Madrid - November 1630.

Cogswell: Charles was James' polar opposite. 

Charles had four intentions: support Christian IV of Denmark, Mansfield expeditionary force of 6000, naval attack on Spain, and Dutch Protestants. 

1625 Parliament:

-> Charles offered £140,000, wanted £1 million, and tonnage and poundage only for the year due to resistance to Buckingham from Sir Robert Phelips and Sir Edward Coke. They criticised promotion of Montagu to royal chaplain. 

-> February 1626 York House Conference, Richard Cust : Charles refused threats to prerogative. 

-> Earl of Arundel removed, lord and deputy lieutenants as well, alongside making Coke and Strafford sheriffs. 

-> 1626 Parliament, opening speech by Laud on obedience to King, and Buckingham's impeachment supported by Sir John Eliot and Earl of Arundel. Earl of Bristol charged with treason.

-> Forced Loan issued, George Abbott refused to license Sibthorpe's sermon and was suspended. 5 subsidies raised, 76 imprisoned for refusal to pay, £267,000 raised, and 70%. Chief Justice Carew, who doubted legality, removed.

-> Nov 1627 Five Knights Case against 5 for habeas corpus.

-> 1628 Parliament has concerns over tonnage and poundage, billeting, and martial law. They offer 5 subsidies with negotiations with Secretary of State John Coke,

-> if concerns are issued. Law was based on Magna Carta and ancient law, but Parliament wanted something to defend rights, attorney general gave general right for arrest. Led to Bill of Rights by John Eliot, too radical, Parliament supported Petition of Right by Sir Edward Coke. 7 June - passed, 17th - remonstrance against Buckingham and Charles collects tonnage and poundage again. 

-> 23 Aug - Buckingham killed by Felton at Greyhound Inn, 18 Sept - funeral with torchlit procession to Westminster Abbey. Felton killed at Tyburne and hung by chains outside Portsmouth. 

2 March 1629 - Denzil Holles and Benjamin Valentine suspend Parliament to issue three resolutions, condemning promotion of Arminianism with Montagu to Chicester and Laud as Bishop of London, alongside…