Tudors Chapter 1

August 22nd 1485-Henry wins BoB, crowned by stepfather on battlefield, then makes his way to London for 3rd September, greeted by Lord Mayor, public happy didn't like Richard bc princes.

Weak claim to throne, descended through female line, descended through illegitimate son. he was Lancastrian claimant just because loads of the others died. Other Yorkist claimants: Earl of Warwick, de la poles and Elizabeth of York.

Didn't have royal upbringing, fled to France at 14 bc Yorkist king, lived as fugitive, arguably useful political training but lacked experience in English politics.

Jasper Tudor: Made Duke of Bedford, Chief Justice of Wales, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Constable of Royal castlesin the Welsh Marches

Thomas, Lord Stanley, stepfather: Made Earl of Derby

Sir Thomas Lovell: 1485, made Chancellor of the Exchequer, treasurer of the household, speaker Sir William Stanley: Made Lord Chamberlain

Edward IV, Henry sent to Sir William Herbert, fled to Brittany, Duke betrays him, Richard takes throne, Henry vows to marry and unite houses, Woodville loyalists rebelling against Richard, Henry fails to sail back, Woodville goes back to Richard, Charles VIII agrees to support Henry to distract Richard from supporting Brittany, Henry sets sail 1st August.

RIchard: 10-15,000 people, Henry: only 5,000

Richard had battle experience, Henry had none.

Richard had weak dynastic position.

Henry was reliant on the Stanleys, Richard didn't have enough noble support didn't make peace

Richard's soldiers fought sluggishly, Henry lost scarcely 100 soldiers in the batle.

Henry had no: military xp, responsibilities, english politics exp, royal education

But he had a title and was a usurper, knew people would betray you from experience

1.Backdated reign to 21st August                                                                                                        2. Got supporters to detain the Earl of Warwick                                                                                  3.18 January 1486, he married Elizabeth of York. Only coronated her in November 1487 .              4. September 1486, Prince Arthur born                                                                                              5. He publically rewarded many of his supporters ,granted 11 knighthoods                                      6. Made key appontments, e.g. Bray-Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster                                      7. Used acts of attainder against  Yorkist 'traitors', increased Royal Income,tonnage and poundage 8. Arranged coronation for 30th October, first meeting of Parliament 7th November                          9. Developed Yeomen of the Guard, around 200 by end of his reign                                                  10. March 1486, he went on a progress through the kingdom, propaganda to glorify position          11. He had a grand coronation to create a powerful image.

Yorkists

Less than 1/4 of England's temporal peers fought against him, many had been killed or captured. He treated former Yorkists with dignity and consideration if they accepted him.

Lovell and Staffords

Easter 1486 - first but very minor uprising, little enthusasm for uprisingm, easily suppressed, Lovell escaped but Stafford executed.

Lambert Simnel and the Earl of Lincoln

Pretends to be Earl of Warwick, crowned King Edward of England in Ireland in May 1487 by Kildare. Put together by John de La Pole and Lovell, supported by Burgudy. Battle of Stoke 1487, several leading Yorkists killed, Henry showed he had Earl of Warwick. Henry had a lot of notice because of spies, reinstated Earl of Northumberland.

Perkin Warbeck

Began being Richard, Duke of York in 1491,1492-France, 1495- first attempt to land in England,1496-Scotland, small Scottish force, 1497- tried to exploit Cornish rebellion, was surrendered to Henry. Initially allowed to stay at court,tried to escape confined to tower. 1499-Executed with Earl of Warwick. Never had strong enough forces, Henry had a spy for 1495, but he did get Sir William Stanley.

The younger brother of the Earl of Lincoln.

Unlike Simnel and Warbeck he had a genuine claim to the throne.

He had grievances against Henry, including losing land to the throne, having to pay a relief of £5,000 and being demoted from Duke to Earl.

He fled to Flanders in 1498 but was persuaded to return after a short exile, but fled again in 1501 to the Holy Roman Empire seeking refuge at the court of the Emperor Maximilian.

Henry arrested members of his family and friends.

 For as long Margaret of Burgundy didn't like Henry VII, he was safe, however after the Treaty of Windsor in 1506, relations were improved leading to Maximilian agreeing to give up Suffolk, who was imprisoned in the Tower.

Henry took no further action against him , but Henry VIII had him executed for treason in 1513.