The Impact of Witte on Russia

The impact that Witte's policies had on Russia

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  • Created by: grace
  • Created on: 11-12-12 17:42

Successes

  • Coal and Iron production increases (1890's increse by 8%)
  • 1897-1900 Russia recieved 144 million roubles in foreign investments
  • By 1903 the Trans-Siberian railway was almost complete
  • Large factories emerged in important cities (such as Moscow and St Petersburg)
  • Cities grew rapidly
  • St Petersburg population rose from 1 million in 1890 to 2 million in 1914
  • Resouces in Siberia were increaingly exploited
  • Economic modernisation allowed Russia to equip their armed forces with more sophisticated weaponry and comete as a World Great Power
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Failures

  • Living conditions in the cities for the working classes were very poor
  • More political opposition emerged against the Tsarist system of government
  • Strikes became more common in Russian cities
  • Increases taxes on the peasants caused wide-spread anger
  • Witte's reforms did not result in Russia overtaking countries such as Germany economically
  • By 1913 industry contributed to 20% of national income
  • By 1913 18% of Russians lived in towns
  • Russia was in more debt than any other European country (in 1914 Russia owed 8billion roubles)
  • The Russian political system didn't modernise and educational opportunities remained limited for most
  • Russia was modernising from a position that was further behind the economies of other countries
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Witt's policies

  • Government became more active in developing the economy
  • Greter emphasis was placed on producing more iron, coal and steel
  • Loans were obtained from coutntries such as France
  • Taxes on peasants wer increased to fund industrialisation
  • The Trans-Siberian Railway was built to exploit Siberia economically
  • In 1897 Witte introduced laws to restrict working hours from 11.5 a day for all workers
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