Rio de Janerio

- On Brazil's Atlantic coast and the Cultural capital

-Attracts torurism with stunning natural surroundings and beaches (Sugar Loaf Mountain & Guanabara Bay)

-Main services industry e.g Finance and manfacturing industry e.g Chemicals,Furniture and processed food

-Host 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympic Games

-Migrants from South Korea and China seeking business opportunities and from Protugal attracted by common language

-International hub - five ports and three airports

- 2nd most important industrial centre after Sao Paulo and provides >6% of Brazil's empolyment

North Zone  - Main Industrial and port area with International Airport and Maracana Soccer Stadium

-Low quality housing and location of Tijuca National Park

West Zone  -Barra da Tijuca canged into wealthy coastal suburb with luxury apartments and shopping malls

-Campo Grande has low-quality housing and main Olympic stadium and competitor village here

Centro  -Oldest part with historical buildings and the city's CBD and HQ of Petrobas Brazils largest oil company

South Zone  -Main tourism hotels and Copacabana beach with wealthiest district overlooking Rocinha

Health care

-2013- 55% with local health clinic with poorest services for pregnant and elderly in West Zone and life expectancy 35 years less than south

+Medical staff took health kits into homes in Santa Marta that detect and treat 20 different diseases = decrease infant mortality and increase life expectancy

Education

-Compulsory for 6-14 yrs but many drop out and join drug trafficking with lack of schools, teachers and training

+Encourage loccal volunteers and give school grants to poor and money for free volleyball and swimming lessons

Water supply

-12% have no access and 37% lost to leaks and fraud and worsen due to 2015 droughts

+Seven new treatment plants & 300km of pipes with 95% mains supply by 2014

Energy

-Frequent blackouts to get worse during Olympics and dangerous illegal tapping mains

+ 60km of new power lines & nuclear generator & New Simplicio hydro-electric complex to increase supply by 30% costing $2Bn USD

-2015 Deep Recession lead to greter unemployement with favela >20% unemployed

-Richest 1% earn 12% of total income whilst poorest 50% earn 13% of total

-Favelas employ in informal sector e.g Street Vendors with poor irregular pay and no insurance

-Education such as School of Tomorrow help young peoples education and practical skills-based courses + Adult Courses + Teenage Parents get free childcare = Reduced unemployment

-Murder, kidnapping, carjacking and armed assult are often and powerful gangs control drug trafficking

-Pacifying Police Units (PPU) reclaim favelas like Complexo Alemao and 30 smaller favelas from drug dealers and crime

-Seen as attack on freedom with target on places near olympic sites but has reduced crim rate and increased property value and tourism

Air pollution - 5000 deaths annually due to heavy traffic congestion and mists from Atlantic mixing with these fumes and factory chimney pollutants

Traffic Congestion - 40% growth in car numbers due to high crime + Lowland coastal roads are main routes and tunnels needed through mountains

+ Coastal roads oneway during rush hour + new toll roads in city centre + expansion of metro 

Water Pollution - 90% decline in commmercial fishing and beaches under threat. > 200 tn of raw sewage and >50 tn of industrial waste into bay each day + Ships with no facilities emptying tanks 

+$68mn in 12 new sewage works + 5km of new piping in polluted area + Ship fined for fuel tank discharge in bay 

Waste pollution - Worst in favelas with no collection means build up causing disease like Cholera and brings rats

+New power plant near Rio University uses methane from 30 tns of waste to power 1000 homes 

-Mainly located on edge of city in urban industrial areas for employment

-60% Suburban but some 40km from city centre and maybe cleared as unattractive for buinesses and tourism

Rocinha

- Largest Favela overlooking wealthy areas of Copacabana and Ipanema where many have regular employment

Improvements

- 90% with brick houses, electricty and water = TVs and fridges

-Retail facilities = food, clothes video rental and Mc Donalds + Schools, Health Facilites and private unversity

Construction - Poorly built illegaly from basic iron, broken bricks and plastic

-Steep slopes with 224 dead due to landslide 2010 and 13000 homes lost

Services - in non improved 12% no running water 30% no electricity and 50% no sewage/ open drain sewages

-Most illegaly connect to pylons and tap for mains is at bottom of steep slopes

Unemployment - 20% unemployed with most in informal sector getting >£75 a month

Crime - Murder rate at 20/1000 people with gang domination and mistrust of police due to corruption and violence

Health - infant mortality at 50/1000 and waste either builds up on streets leading to disease or is burn which could spread to wooden houses + harmful smoke

City decided in mid-1980s to do something about the favelas ans upgrade them with essentials 

-Forced eviction from favelas to clear land with 3000 houses planned ahead of games 

-Rehousing people in basic housing in new areas such as Barra da Tijuca to reduce overcrowding

-Developing cultrual activites such as Samba and Afro-reggae for youngester to prevent crime

-Raising taxes on the rich to help housing the poor

Campo Grande in West Zone has 800 new home for the evicted but there is a lack of community with no shops or recreational areas 90 mins away from city centre

Site and service scheme provides the people with land and services to build their own home

+Paved and named roads with new health, leasuire and education facilities

+Hillsides made secure  -Access to water and improved sanitation

+Installation of a cable car to Ipanema with one free return a day

+Access to credit to buy materials to improve and 100% mortgages to buy their homes

-$1bn US budget didn't cover all favelas 

-New infratructure not maintained and locals lack skills and resources for repairs

-Rent rises in improved favelas so poor inhabitants are worse off