Geography End of year Test 2018

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  • Created by: IMISTRY
  • Created on: 22-03-18 10:35
What is an Ecosystem?
Unit that includes all plans and animals
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Biotic
Plants and animals
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Abiotic
Soil and climate
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Three sections of the Ecostyem
Producers, Consumers, Decomposers
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Decomposer ?
Organism that gets its energy by breaking material
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Four global ecosystem
Tundra, Polar, Temperate deciduous forest, Tropical rainforest, and Grassland
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Where are Hot deserts found?
Between 15° and 23° North and South of the equator
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Where are Tropical rainforest found?
Along the equator between tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
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What is selective logging?
Only cut down certain trees when they reach a certain height or only cut down a specific species
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What are conservation areas?
Areas which are protected areas of land and also help people to learn more about Rainforests
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How does a Kangaroo adapt to its environment ?
The kangaroo licks saliva onto its forearms where there is a network of blood vessels. As the saliva evaporates, their blood cools
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How does the Fennec fox adapt to its environment ?
It has phenomenal hearing, this allows it to catch its prey much quicker as they have sharp hearing
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How does the Saguaro Cactus adapt to its environment ?
The roots are fairly spread out to collect a lot of water. When it rains, the roots soak up the water and it gets stored in its stem
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Name one of the opportunities for development in hot deserts
Energy ( 1) Wind - Renewable source of energy. Jaisalmer Wind Park was constructed in 2001. (2) A large oil field was discovered i n the Barmer district. (3) As it's sunny, the Thar Desert offers solar power generation
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Name another opportunitity for development in hot deserts
Toursim (1) Thar Desert has become a popular tourist destination due to its beautiful landscapes
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What is desertification ?
When a land is gradually turned into a desert
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What causes desertification?
(1) Soil erosion is linked to desertification. When the vegetation has been destroyed, the soil is exposed to the wind and the rain making it harmful to the soil. (2) It can be caused by natural events, such as droughts, as well poor land management
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What are the four layers of the Rainforests
Emergent Layer, Canopy Layer, Understory Layer and Forest Layer
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What is a relief?
Term which explains the physical features of the landscape. This includes height above sea level, shapes of landscapes, features and steepness of slopes
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How do waves form?
The wind blows across the sea. The friction causes ripples, which then develop into waves.
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What happens when waves reach the coast.
When the water reaches the shore, there is a movement of water and the waves break up and soak up the water onto the beach.
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Constructive waves?
Gentle and calm waves. They carry and deposit large amounts of sand and pebbles and 'construct' the beach
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Destructive waves?
Formed by local storms, close to the coast. I'M GAY
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What are the 3 types of weathering?
Chemical weathering, physical weathering and biological weathering
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Mechanical weathering?
The break up of rocks. This happens where piles of rock can be found at the foot of the cliff
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What is mass movement?
The movement of is the downward movement or sliding of material under the influence of gravity
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What is a landform?
A feature of the landscape that has been formed or sculpted by the process of Erosion , Transportation or Deposition
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What is urbanisation?
The proportion of the world's population who live in cities.
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Why do cities grow?
(!) Natural increase - where the birth rate is higher than the death rate. (2) Rural urban migration - the movement of people from the countryside into towns and cities
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How does urbanisation vary around the world?
(1) 60% of the world's richer countries live in cities. (2) Around half of the population South and Southeast Asia live in towns and cities
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What are the 'push' factors of why people want to leave the countryside?
(1) Farming is hard and is poorly paid. (2) Schools provide basic education. (3) Rural areas are isolated due to poor roads. (4) Drought and other climate hazards reduce crop yields.
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What are the 'pull' factors that attract people to the city?
(1) Higher standard of living. (2) Public transport is better. (3) Better medical facilities. (4) More well paid jobs
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Where is Rio situated?
It's situated on Brazil's Atlantic coast at 23° of South and 43° West
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What are the main exports from Rio
Sugar, Coffee and iron ore
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What are the main industries in Rio?
Banking, finance and insurance
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What are the main manufacturing industries?
Chemicals, pharmaceuticals, clothing, furniture and processed foods
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How much GDP (Gross domestic Product) produce? does Brazil produce?
Produces 5% GDP
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What are the Social challenges that Rio faces?
Health care, Education, Water supply and Energy
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Name the challenges of Health care?
(1) Only 55% had a local family health clinic. (2) Services for those who really needed them were poor, especially in the West Zone
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Name the challenges of Education?
(1) Only half of the children continue their education beyond the age of 14. (2) Many drop out and some get involved in drugs. (3) shortage of nearby schools. (4) Low pay for teachers
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Name the challenges of Water Supply?
(1) 12% of Rio's population did not have access to running water. (2) 37% of water is lost through leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access.
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Name the challenges of Energy?
(1) The whole city suffers frequent due to a shortage of electricity. (2) Many people living in the poorer parts of Rio de Janerio get their electricity by illegally tapping into the water supply.
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Suggest the solutions for Health Care?
(1) Authorities have tried to improve the health care of Santa Marta. (2) Medical kit was taken into people's homes and 20 different diseases were detected and treated.
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Suggest the solutions for Education?
(1) Encouraged local people to volunteer to help in school. (2) Opened a private university in Rochina favela. (3) Given school grants to poor families to help meet the cost of keeping their children in school
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Suggest the solutions for Water Supply?
(1) Improved water quality and quantity of it. (2) Seven new treatment plants were built between 1998 and 2014.
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Suggest the solutions for Energy?
(1) Installed a 60 km of new power lines. (2) Built a new nuclear generator.
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What is being done about unemployment?
(1) The local government is using education as an weapon to tackle youth employment. The schools are trying to improve their education for young people in the poor and violent areas of the city. (2) Courses are available for adults who left education
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What are the environmental challenges in Rio?
Air pollution, traffic congestion, water pollution and waste pollution?
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Name the challenges of Air pollution?
(1) Estimated that it causes 50,000 deaths per year in Rio. (2) Heavy traffic and congestion causes the build up of exhaust fumes.
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Name the challenges of Traffic Congestion?
(1) Many transport routes become very congested. (2) Tunnels through the mountains are needed to connect different parts of the city.
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Name the challenges of Water Pollution?
(1) 55 rivers are heavily polluted. (2) 200 tones of sewage enters Gaunabara Bay each day. (3) 50 tonnes of industrial waste enters the bay each day.
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Name the challenges of Waste Pollution?
Most of the waste is dumped, which pollutes the water, causes diseases and attracts rats.
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Suggest the solutions for Traffic Congestion?
(1) New toll roads into city centre to reduce congestion. (2) Improvements to Rio's transport system.
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Suggest the solutions for Water Pollution?
(1) 12 new sewage works have been built. (2) Ships are charged for realeasing oil into the bay
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Biotic

Back

Plants and animals

Card 3

Front

Abiotic

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Three sections of the Ecostyem

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Decomposer ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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