regeneration economically un/successful places- berkshire and the rust belt

TNC/ COMPANY INVESTMENT: headquarters of major TNCs, eg Reading, Slough and Bracknell- Microsoft and Oracle Bracknell has Waitrose and BMW. cheap factory and office spaces

SERVICES AND FACILITIES: many jobs created booming population, demand for services. already was already a tourist attraction (due to historical importance e Windso Park, AONB, Ascot racing, dairy traditional farming). lots of media coverage (Ascot, Midsomer Murders)

TRANSPORT LINKS: M4 links East to West (Cardiff is easy reach of Bristol, to London, London to rest of country or abroad). M25- London Heathrow provides easy business access. Great Western Railway Line. accessible countryside = high quality of life. construction of CROSSRAIL will increase this.

POPULATION as a RESOURCE: 1/4 of Berkshire workers qualified in a knowledge-based, managerial position. links to Uni of Cardiff, Reading, Bristol, Bath and London ones.

HOUSE PRICE INCREASES- forces local population out (important to remember not EVERYONE IS RICH- lots of pockets of deprivation within wealthy areas). 20% of them cannot afford to compete with rich young families.

JOB LOSS IN older office/longer journey regions- eg Swindon

ROAD CONGESTION as more people are commutng into London or major cities

CONCEALED POCKETS OF POVERTY- nearly 1/4 of children in Reading live in poverty

CREATION OF COMMUTER TOWNS -local services suffer as little money invested back, house prices rise

TNC/COMPANY INVESTMENT: deindustrialisation as competition from abroad made laour cheaper so indusrty moved abroad. creates spiral of decline.

SERVICES AND FACILITIES: University in Youngtown (Detroit) wasn't accesible to main town so students wouldnt spend money in town. lack of services (especially community/social ones) made crime grow. people have less disposable incme to spend.

TRANSPORT LINKS: stereotype that using the Greyhound buses is for 'poor' people and immigrants- avoidance. lack of high tech transport. low population density. plans to link Cleveland and Chigaco- creating a hyperloop. lack of public transport like major cities. 14 major rust belt towns have no trains

POPULATION: spiral of decline (beginning with mass unenployment) means less income, people cant afford to live, services shut down, place becomes unnatractive etc.

derelict land transformation eg into pretty AND affordable housing to attract new and young families.

fixing disrepaired homes

gang intervention- social mobility and community schemes

improvements to infrastrcture

crime- social intervention

creation of jobs as businesses are attracted