PE - Bones (GCSE)

1. Support and shape - the skeleton gives our body its structure.

2. Protection - bones are tough and they protect our delicate organs, e.g. the ribs protect the heart and lungs.

3. Movement - the skeleton moves through joints.

Our arms?

• Humerous, Radius and Ulna

Our legs?

• Femur, Tibia and Fibula

Body core?

• Pelvis
• Vertebrae
• Ribs
• Scapula
• Clavical
• Sternum

There are 5 different types of joints...

1. Extension = opening a joint

2. Flexion = closing a joint

3. Abduction = moving away from an imaginary centre line (moving leg outwards)

4. Adduction = moving towards an imaginary centre line (moving leg back inwards)

5. Rotation = turning a limb clockwise or anti-clockwise

There are 2 different types of freely moving joints...

1. Ball and Socket joints - e.g. hips and shoulders.

2. Hinge joints - e.g. knees and elbows.

- The hip is a joint.

- The bones which meet here are the femur and the pelvis.

- It is a ball and socket joint.

- The movement available is ... Rotation, Felxion, Extension, Abduction and Adduction.

- The shoulder is a joint.

- The bones which meet here are the humerous and scapula.

- It is a ball and socket joint.

- The movement available is ... Rotation, Felxion, Extension, Abduction and Adduction.

- The elbow is a joint.

- The bones which meet here are the humerous, raduis and ulna.

- It is a hinge joint.

- The movement available is ... Felxion, Extension.

- The knee is a joint.

- The bones which meet here are the femur, tibia and fibula.

- It is a hinge joint.

- The movement available is ... Felxion, Extension.

- The ankle is a joint.

- The bones which meet here are tibia, fibula and tarsals.

- It is a hinge joint.

- The movement available is ... Plantar Flexion (point toes) and Dorsi-Flexion.

1. Increases bone density and makes bones stronger.

2. More durable.

3. You will be less likely to get osteoporosis.

4. Ligaments become stronger (less likely to get injuries linked with the ligaments).

Ligaments = hold the bones together.