GCSE PE

-Adducts the upper arm from the body

-Serve in tennis

-Rotates the shoulder backwards

-Rowing

-Rotates upper arm at the shoulders

-Swimming Butterfly

-Adduction of arm

-Swimming Front Crawl

-Flexion and rotation of the trunk

-Rowing

-Flexion of the arm at the elbow

-Bending the arm to throw a cricket ball

-Extension of arm at the elbow

-Straightening the arm to throw a cricket ball

-Extension of the upper leg

-Running and for maintaining good posture

-Extension of the leg at the knee

-Kicking a football

-Flexion of the leg at the knee

-Sprinting (when leg bends)

-Plantar flexion of the foot

-Running (pushing onto toes)

-Increases the body's demand for oxygen and glycogen (muscles need more fuel to function)

-Extra Waste Products Are Produced (eg. lactic acid)

-Muscle contraction which results in increased tension but the length does not alter

-Muscle contraction that results in limb movement

-Muscular Hypertrophy

-Increased Muscular Endurance

-you STRAIN a MUSCLE

....and SPRAIN a JOINT :)

(eg. twisted ankle = sprain)

-During time taken off sport due to illness/time taken off training

-Carbohydrates release energy quicker

-Their energy can be used in both aerobic and anaerobic activity

-Contributes to good physical health

-physical challenge

-Increase fitness

-improve performance

- improve cv fitness

-improve muscular strength/endurance

-improve flexibility

-improve body composition

-Mix wih others

-make new friends

-meet current friends

-develop teamwork/cooperation

-work with others

-relieve/prevent stress and tension

-mental challenge

-increase self-esteem and confidence

-help the individual feel good

-contribute to the enjoyment of life

-people

-Image

-cultural factors

-Resources

-Health & well-being

-Socio-economic

-START: increase participation in sport in order to improve the health of the nation, with a focus on priority groups.

-STAY: retain people in sport through an effective network of clubs, sports facilities, coaches, volunteers and competitive opportunities.

-SUCCEED: create opportunities for talented young performers to achieve success.

-Elite: this is where inidividuals reach sporting excellence. pyramid narrows as fewer people take part in this level. Governing bodies of sport are responsible for development at this level.

-Performance: during this stage young people start to concentrate on specific skills & develop talent in specific sports. Quality coaching is an essential part of player development at this level.

-Participation: this stage is where young people begin to participate reguarly in a specific activity for enjoyment. Sports club become important at this stage as they make the link to the next stage of development.

-Foundation: base of the pyramind. learning/experiencing basic sporting skills (multi sports sessions, primary PE lessons)

-A form of physical activity which maintains or improves health and/or physical fitness

-Individual needs

-Specificity

-progressive overload

-rest

-recovery

-FITT

-reversibility

-Carbohydrates

-Fats

-Protein

-Vitamins

-Minerals

-Fibre

-Water

-Working harder than you normally do

-Using more calories than taken in

-Height

-Gender

-Bone Structure

-Muscle Girth

-Genetics

-anabolic steroids

-beta blockers

-diuretics

-narcotic analgesics

-stimulants

-peptide hormones (eg. EPO)

-high blood pressure

-liver disease

-increased risk of heart attacks and strokes

-infertility in women

-mimic the male hormone testosterone and promote bone an muscle growth

-control the heart rate and have a calming and relaxing effect

-nausea and diarrhoea

-tiredness

-depression

-insomnia and nightmares

-elevate the rate of urine production

-dehyrdation (which can cause dizziness,nausea, headaches and muscle cramps)

-long term effects such as kidney problems

-reduce pain, allowing a performer to continue to participate despite having an injury

-loss of concentration

-loss of balance

-loss of coordination

-emotional effects (eg. hallucinations)

-effect the central nervous system (CNS), for example, increased mental and/or physical alertness

-insomnia

-irritability

-irregular heart beat

-increased heart rate

-high blood pressure

-addiction

-cause other hormones to be released

-(EPO) increase the number of red blood cells, and therefore the amount of haemoglobin) allowing the body to carry extra oxygen (increased aerobic capacity) and quickly disperse waste products & lactic acid - making it ideal for long distance events.

-(HGH) increase muscle development

-thickens the blood making it difficult for blood to pass through the small capillaries and thus increases the risk of heart attack or stroke

-weight categories

-age categories

-mixed or single gender

-handicap system

-SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE: maximum pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pushes blood through the aorta and into the body. Rises during activity as more blood is required by the body.

-DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE: pressure of the blood during the relaxation phase between heart beats (when the heart is at rest). It depends mainly on the elasticity of the arteries and quality of the vessels.

-the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

-breathing becomes faster and deeper

-body temperature increases

-sweating starts (so body requires fluids)

-muscles begin to ache

-decreased resting heart rate

-increased heart recovery rate

-increased stroke volume

-reduced blood pressure

-more capillaries within the heart muscle

-high cholesterol (which is caused by a diet high in animal fats)

-recreational drugs

-sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise (hypokinetic disease)

-stress

-breathing quickens and deepens

-oxygen debt (the extra oxygen consumed after anaerobic activity to make up for the short fall)