June 2012

how did each of the following factors influence the characteristics of mob football:

• a harsh lifestyle
• widespread illiteracy
• limited transport and communications?

describe two changes in the nature of free time from the 18th-19th century. (5)

explain how the industrial revolution initially resticted oppourtunities for the lower class to take part in pre-industrial sports and pastimes.

for a specific sporting activity, explain one way in which oppourtunties for working class participation had increased by the end of the 19th century. (5)

describe the impact of Dr Thomas Arnoldd reforms on Rugby school.

describe one way in which Arnold's influence continues in some schools today. (5)

the theory of acievement motivation describes characteristics of sports performers who may have undesirable features associated with avoiding failure.

describe two features of a need to avoil failure performer.

how might this performer be encouraged to be moer motivated to achieve? (4)

Zajonc states that when an audience is present, arousal is raised.

explain how different levels of arousal affect thos performing sport in front of an audience.

refer in your answer to: type of task involved, ability level of performer, personality of performer. (5)

explain what is meant by cognitive dissonance and its role in changing attitudes.

describe three methods of changing attitudes from negative to positive to promote a balanced, active halthy lifestyle. (6)

what is meant by body composition?

describe one method of asessing body composition (5)

explain how different physiological adaptions which take place after a period of flexibility training. could benifit an athlete. (4)

explain the use of periodisation when planning a personal health and fitness programme. (6)