Health Promotion and Behavioural Change Evidence and Examples
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- Created by: Psych951
- Created on: 31-12-18 14:15
Kobau et al 2011 - Mental health promotion
- Positive health psychology to create supportive enviornments and develop personal skills
- Reorientate health services and use media campaigns to target population level
- Develop resilience and optimism - Penn Resiliency Programme teaches children adaptive reactions and resiliency based on optimistic thinking and prevented anxiety and depression symptoms for 2 years - Good because targeted individual skills in school social context
- Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) measures strengths that can then be utilised in other inerventions e.g. interent intervention helped people use their strength to increase happiness - Wide access but personalised
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Glasgow et al 1999 - Evaluating interventions
- Interventions are only useful if regularly and appropriately evaluated
- Incorporate policy, enviornmental and individual components
- RE-AIM model: Reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation and maintenance
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Stokols 1992 - Social ecological approach
- Individual behaviour is embedded in environmental conditions and health resources - Local community efforts impact global patterns
- Provide environmental resources that promote health - Ventiliation systems, safe stairways, fitness oppurtunities
- Links community wide and epidemiological orientation of public health
- Provide health care resources - Screening programmes, public education, geographical accessibility
- Train enviornmental planners about legislation and economic stratgeies - Multi-collaborative approach
- Protect natural resources and quality of public enviornments - UK 1971 Town and country planning act
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Weisse et al 1995 - AIDS Exposure intervention
- All participants were provided with information about AIDS and safe sex
- Half the participants were asked to buy a condom from a local shop
- All participants had an increased knowledge about HIV infection however the participants in the exposure condition reported less embarrassment and more willingness to buy condoms
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Pearson et al 2009 and Bangor - Food Modelling
- Pearson - Adolescents are more likely to eat breakfast if their parents did
- Bangor Food and Activity Research Group = Food dudes - Video of characters eating fruit and veg (combined with taste exposure and rewards) - Increase in fruit consumption from 4% to 100% and vegetable consumption from 1% to 83% - Maintained 6 months after exposure and modelling
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Hendy et al 2005 & NHS 2007 - Reinforcement
- Hendy et al 2005 Preference and consumption of vegetables increased 2 weeks after reinforcement programme at school (tokens and small prizes) - Returned to baseline at 7 months
- North East Essex NHS Trust, 2007 increased smoking cessation among women by rewarding them with food vouchers
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Hollands et al 2001 - Evaluative learning
- Aimed to increase negative value attached to unhealthy snacks
- Participants were shown pictures of snacks and unhealthy body images such as heart surgery and obesity
- Increase in participants choosing fruits over high calorie snacks
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Socratic questioning and other CBT practices
- Downward arrow technique = Talk through belief in a way that highlights irrationality
- Socratic questioning shows that beliefs aren't always evidence based
- Other practices include keeping a diary, cue exposure and distractions
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Quine et al 2011 - TPB
- Used the Theory of Planned Behaviour to design an intervention to increase cycle helmet use
- One condition targeted salient beliefs and the other just provided information
- Individuals in the beliefs condition showed more positive beliefs about helmet use and were more likely to use a helmet 5 months after the intervention
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Luszczynska et al 2007 - Planning & implementation
- Half a group at weight watchers were asked to make plans about their eating and exercise - Specific days, plans for failures and temptations - Other group followed normal weight watchers programme
- Experimental group lost double the amount of weight than the control
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Hammond et al 2003 - Information giving
- Cigarette warnings on packets increased intention to stop smoking
- Increased attempts to quit smoking among those who had read the warnings and discussed them with friends
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Knight et al 2006 - MI
- Systematic review of motivational interviewing
- Effective for addressing physical health problems such as diabetes, heart disease and asthma
- Effective at improving psychological, physiological and lifestyle changes
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Example and Kobetz et al 2005 - Stage-matched
- Types of actions:
- Precontemplation = Provide info, highligh benefits
- Contemplation = Examine ways to overcome barriers
- Preparation = Goals and planning
- Action/maintenance = Reinforcement and self-monitoring
- Relapse = Advice and reevaluate stage
- Kobetz et al 2005 used stages of change to indicate readiness to change mammograms behaviour
- Asked 2 questions: Does she know about and does she go for mammograms?
- No to both = Precontemplation = knowledge barriers so provided info
- Yes to 1st, no to 2nd = Contemplation = Action barriers to overcome
- Yes to both = Action = Remind of importance
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Hollands et al 2015 - Environmental changes
- Change at population level by changing portion sizes and thus replacing unhealthy cues with healthy ones
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ELM & PMT - Mass media
- Elabortation Likelihood Model (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) = Central vs peripheral route processing - Either evaluate and integration arguments with existing beliefs or use attractiveness and credibility
- Protection Motivation Theory (Rogers, 1983) = Fear motivates behaviour change when the message provides a way to prevent the feared outcome
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Conner et al 2011 & Shahab et al 2007 - Affect
- Conner at al 2011 = Affective rather than cognitive images produced greater increase in exercise
- Shahab et al 2007 = Smokers shown pictures of their arteries with plaque compared to ones without reported higher intentions and self-efficacy to stop smoking
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