Geography case studies

Causes - California 6.9 on the Ritcher Scale Conservative plate margin along the San Andreas fault

Effects - 63 dead, 3575 injured (62,000 in stadium at baseball game so death toll reduced)

- 12,000 homes destroyed, 2600 businesses

- Marina district damaged due to unstable grounds and liquifaction (60m from epicentre)

- 1.4 million homes lost power

Responses  - Rebuilding freeway took 11 years

- Oakland airport $30 million

- Transportation damage $1.8 billion

Causes - conservative plate margin (Carribean & North American) 7 on the ritcher scale, 3.5 million lived in a heavy danger zone

Effects - 230,000 dead, 300,000 injured 1 million homeless

- no phones, no electricity, no aid/ emergency services

- Roads blocked & airports shut (no aid in)

- disease outbreaks in camps (rainy season)

Resonses - Aid 5 days later

- American red cross - £7 million in 24 hours

- Emergency squatters set up (2 million in squatters)

Causes - Conservative plate boundary between the pacific & indo australian plate, aftershock from the 2010 earthquake but effects were more severe

Effects - lands raised by 1m causing liquifaction

- Caused a tsunami in Tasman Lake

- Buildings were damaged (even earthquake proof ones as a result of the 2010 earthquake)

- Toursims dropped by 75%

- 181 dead, 2,000 injured

Responses - $40 billion to repair buildings, 61 ambulances in 2 minutes, $898 million on insurance

- building given a card to represent the damage to indicate to people how safe it was

Management - Geonet detects earthquakes and warns emergency services

- Homes no longer being built on danger zones (land-use planning)

Causes - 9.1 on ritcher scale, Destructive plate boundary Indian & Burma plates, affected 13 countries, epicentre 9 miles delow surface

Effects - killed 230,00, 1.7 million homeless, 5-6 million needed emergency aid,

- 1500 villages destroyed

- tourism dropped by 80%

- 8 million litres of oil escaped

Responses - £4.5 billion aid was given (£330 million by the UK)

- Reconstruction still happening

- 42 re-construction projects

- No warnings