Events in the 1960's.

Greensboro.

WHEN AND WHERE?
- Sit-ins, Greensboro, North Carolina, Feb 1961.
WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
- Civil rights movement was too slow.
- Forcing through equality and taking a stand.
WHICH ORGANISATIONS WERE INVOLVED?
- No organisations were involved.
HOW DID EVENTS TAKE PLACE?
- 4 black college students refused to leave a cafe spontaneously.
- Sat in white area of a segregated cafe.
RESULTS: SUCCESS AND SIGNIFICANCE.
- 70,000 students joined sit-ins.
- Inspired the creation of the SNCC.
- MLK supported sit-ins and joined them.
- Cafe ended up closing.
- Desegregated cafes by 1961.

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WHERE AND WHEN?
- Freedom Rides, Southern states, 1961.
WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
- Trying to create a crisis and gain publicity.
- Effecting the country's image.
- Government forced to respond.
WHICH ORGANISATIONS WERE INVOLVED?
- CORE.
- SCLC.
- SNCC.
HOW DID EVENTS TAKE PLACE?
- Small integrated groups travelled on buses, testing Supreme Court rulings against desegregation.
RESULTS: SUCCESS AND SIGNIFICANCE.
- Gained publicity and brought groups together,
- Got attacked by racists in Alabama.
- Buses did desegregate.

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WHERE AND WHEN?
- Albany Movement, Georgia, 1961-62.
WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
- Trying to integrate.
WHICH ORGANISATIONS WERE INVOLVED?
- SCLC
- NAACP
- Local organisations.
HOW DID EVENTS TAKE PLACE?
- Boycotting white businesses and sit-ins.
- Students from state college involved in sit-ins.
- MLK lead a march - made agreements with authorities but they went back on their word.
RESULTS: SUCCESS AND SIGNIFICANCE.
- More black people allowed to vote and some desegregation.
- Black community weren't as afraid of ***********.
- Lots of resegregation and closing of black areas.

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WHERE AND WHEN?
- Birmingham, Alabama, 1963.
WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
- Competing organisations
- Whites banned lots of things eg. music, for blacks.
- Very racist city with lots of extremism.
WHICH ORGANISATIONS WERE INVOLVED?
- SCLC
- SNCC
- NAACP
HOW DID EVENTS TAKE PLACE?
- Demonstrations turned violent by authorities.
- SCLC had planned actions, couldn't recruit anyone and couldn't follow through.
- MLK arrested.
RESULTS: SUCCESS AND SIGNIFICANCE.
- Attention recieved because of violence from the media and authorities.
- Little change within the city.
- Shown that desegregation was important.

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WHERE AND WHEN?
- March on Washington, August 1963.
WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
- Aimed to encourage the passage of the civil rights bill.
- Improve unemployment.
- Maintain morale in a non-violent protest.
WHICH ORGANISATIONS WERE INVOLVED?
- SCLC
HOW DID EVENTS TAKE PLACE?
- 1/4 million marchers attended (1/4 of them were white)
- "I have a dream" speech.
RESULTS: SUCCESS AND SIGNIFICANCE.
- Success
- Gained media attention.
- Organisations colaborated.
- Emotional impact.

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WHERE AND WHEN?
- Freedom Summer, Mississippi 1961-64.
WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
- 5.2% blacks could vote.
- Needed a way of pushing for the vote.
WHICH ORGANISATIONS WERE INVOLVED?
- SNCC
- MFDP
- NAACP
HOW DID EVENTS TAKE PLACE?
- Freedom vote.
- Mock election in 1963 publicity stunt.
- 3 people were killed - 2 of them white.
RESULTS: SUCCESS AND SIGNIFICANCE.
- Gained media attention.
- Moved away from peaceful protests.

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WHERE AND WHEN?
- St. Augustine, Florida, Spring 1964.
WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
- King was recieving death threats from the KKK.
- White leaders refused to negotiate.
WHICH ORGANISATIONS WERE INVOLVED?
- SCLC
HOW DID EVENTS TAKE PLACE?
- Integrated group of 7, 'swim-in' at a motel pool.
- Motel owner poured gallons of pool cleaning chemicals into the pool.
- Policeman had to drag them out.
- Klansmen attacked police who tried to protect marchers.
RESULTS: SUCCESS AND SIGNIFICANCE.
- After Klansmen picketed and fire-bombed desegregated areas, most of St. Augustine re-segregated.
- King was keen to get out of St. Augustine.
- SCLC failed to get support from black leaders.
- Extreme violence was significant in getting the Civil Rights bill through.

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WHERE AND WHEN?
- Selma, Alabama, 1965.
WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
- Everything was segregated.
- White income was 4x more than blacks income.
- Half the population was black.
- Violent city.
WHICH ORGANISATIONS WERE INVOLVED?
- SCLC & SNCC
- MLK & Jim Clark (sherrif)
HOW DID EVENTS TAKE PLACE?
- Troopers shot a black youth who was shielding his mother from a beath.
- Whites throwing venemous snakes at blacks.
- Voting rights.
- Bloody Sunday.
RESULTS: SUCCESS AND SIGNIFICANCE.
- Publicity.
- King leaves because of the violence.
- Lead to the voting rights act being passed.

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