Ethnicity- factors internal to school -institutional racism

Ranson 2005- school governing bodies are disproprt. white,middle aged, m-class

Sewell- lack of +ve ethnic minority role models in school= main in-school cause for underach. in black boys

Coard 2005- curriculum refelcts white culture. Black culture neglected. Black students may curriculum as irrelevant/insult and not pay attention.

Tikly 2006- A-C students knew they were 'invisible' in curriuculum. Frustrated about this.

UCAS 2015-  when grades =v.similar, white students are more lik to get uni place that black students.

Gillborn 2008- white students= 2* lik to get into gifted and talented than black students

Gillborn & Youdell 1999- marketisation= A to C economy. This makes teachers ignore 'hopless students' and 'high achievers' and only pay attention to kids who are close to getting a C. (bc A-C pass rate decides if school is good or not). Many black kids labelled as 'hopless'